{"id":17880,"date":"2026-03-02T23:36:53","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T22:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=17880"},"modified":"2026-03-02T23:36:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T22:36:53","slug":"vitaminy-dlya-mozga-pri-altsgeymere-profilaktika-i-podderzhka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/","title":{"rendered":"Vitamins for the brain in Alzheimer's: prevention and support"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Alzheimer's is not just \"senile forgetfulness,\" but a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which neurons gradually deteriorate, especially in areas of the brain responsible for memory, thinking, and behavior. Even in the early stages, a person may lose the ability to remember new information, confuse dates, forget familiar routes, or even the name of a close person. Over time, this leads to complete dependence on others: the patient stops recognizing relatives, loses self-care skills, and becomes vulnerable to infections and other complications. It is important to understand that Alzheimer's is not a norm of aging, but a disease that requires attention, timely diagnosis, and a comprehensive approach to support.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%91-11\" >Classification of the disease according to ICD-11<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0\" >Epidemiology: how many people suffer from Alzheimer's disease?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%C2%BB_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C\" >Genetic predisposition: which genes \"trigger\" the disease?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B0_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%E2%80%94_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82\" >Risk factors: what can be controlled and what cannot<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8\" >Diagnosis: how to distinguish Alzheimer's from other forms of dementia?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F\" >Treatment: what really helps today?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0\" >List of drugs used in Alzheimer's disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8E\" >Disease monitoring: how to track progress and adjust therapy.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF\" >Age-related features: how the disease manifests in different groups<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9\" >Questions and answers: the most common inquiries from patients and their families<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C\" >Typical mistakes to avoid<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/vitamins-for-the-brain-in-alzheimer-s-prevention-and-support\/#%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B0_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%E2%80%94_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >The result: what works and what is just an illusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%91-11\"><\/span>Classification of the disease according to ICD-11<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), Alzheimer's disease is coded as **6A04** \u2014 \"Alzheimer's disease.\" It belongs to the category \"Neurodegenerative disorders,\" subgroup \"Diseases associated with amyloid deposits.\" Importantly, ICD-11 makes a clear distinction between:<br \/>\n\u2014 **6A04.0** \u2014 Alzheimer's disease with a pronounced amyloid pattern (i.e., with confirmed beta-amyloid plaques);<br \/>\n\u2014 **6A04.1** \u2014 Alzheimer's disease without a confirmed amyloid pattern (clinical diagnosis in the absence of biomarkers);<br \/>\n\u2014 **6A04.Y** \u2014 Other forms of Alzheimer's disease;<br \/>\n\u2014 **6A04.Z** \u2014 Unspecified form.<br \/>\nThis division is fundamental: it allows the doctor not just to state \"dementia,\" but to determine its pathogenetic basis \u2014 which directly influences the choice of observation tactics, prevention, and potential therapy. For example, if a patient has beta-amyloid deposits in the cerebrospinal fluid or on PET scans, it refers to the typical form of Alzheimer's disease, whereas in the absence of such markers, other causes of cognitive decline must be excluded \u2014 for example, vascular dementia or leukoaraiosis.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The clinical picture was first described by German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer in 1906 \u2014 which is why the disease bears his name. He observed a 51-year-old patient named Auguste D., who developed rapid cognitive decline, hallucinations, aggression, and complete loss of orientation. After her death, Alzheimer performed an autopsy and discovered two characteristic signs in the cerebral cortex: **neurofibrillary tangles** and **amyloid plaques** \u2014 now considered pathognomonic for the disease.<br \/>\nInterestingly, until the 1970s, Alzheimer's disease was considered a rarity, primarily affecting younger people (\"premature dementia\"). Only after the demographic transition began in the USA and Europe \u2014 an increase in life expectancy \u2014 did it become clear: this is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. In 1984, scientists isolated the beta-amyloid protein from plaques \u2014 a key moment that allowed the development of biomarkers and targeted drugs to begin.<br \/>\nAnother curious fact: in the 1980s, it was noted in Japan that residents of Okinawa, where there is traditionally a high consumption of fish, greens, and soy, have a lower frequency of dementia than the national average. This became one of the first epidemiological hints at the role of diet and lifestyle in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases \u2014 an idea that today underpins the concept of \"brain health.\"<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0\"><\/span>Epidemiology: how many people suffer from Alzheimer's disease?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to WHO (2023), about **55 million people** worldwide live with dementia, and approximately **60\u201370%** of cases are specifically due to Alzheimer's disease. A new case is diagnosed every 3 seconds worldwide. In Russia, according to a study by the Institute of Neurology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2022), dementia occurs in **7\u20139%** of people over 65 and in **25\u201330%** of those over 85. The actual number may be higher due to insufficient diagnosis in regions and stigma.<br \/>\nHere\u2019s how the risk changes with age:<br \/>\n| Age | Risk of developing Alzheimer's disease |<br \/>\n|&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;|&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;|<br \/>\n| 65\u201369 years | ~2% |<br \/>\n| 70\u201374 years | ~5% |<br \/>\n| 75\u201379 years | ~10% |<br \/>\n | 80\u201384 years | ~18% |<br \/>\n| 85+ years | ~30\u201350% |<br \/>\nNote: this does not mean that aging = Alzheimer\u2019s. Age is simply the strongest independent risk factor. However, there are other patterns: women suffer more often than men \u2014 likely due to longer life expectancy and the impact of menopause on cholesterol and estrogen metabolism in the brain. Also at risk are people with low levels of education: every additional 2 years of schooling reduces the risk of dementia by 11 % (according to the Lancet Commission, 2020).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82%C2%BB_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition: which genes \"trigger\" the disease?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Genetics plays a dual role: in some cases, it is a direct cause, while in others, it only increases susceptibility to external factors. Two forms are distinguished:<br \/>\n1. **Early (hereditary) form** \u2014 accounts for less than 1 % of all cases, manifests before the age of 65. It is caused by mutations in three genes:<br \/>\n \u2014 **APP** (amyloid precursor protein) \u2014 chromosome 21;<br \/>\n \u2014 **PSEN1** (presenilin-1) \u2014 chromosome 14;<br \/>\n \u2014 **PSEN2** (presenilin-2) \u2014 chromosome 1.<br \/>\n If you have one of these mutations, the risk of developing the disease is almost 100 %. However, such cases are extremely rare and usually observed in families with multiple generations of affected individuals.<br \/>\n2. **Late (sporadic) form** \u2014 99 % of cases. Here, the key role is played by the gene **APOE**, especially its allele **\u03b54**. In people with one copy of APOE \u03b54, the risk increases by 3\u20134 times, and with two copies \u2014 by 8\u201312 times. However, the presence of \u03b54 does not mean that the disease will necessarily occur: about 25 % of healthy elderly individuals have this allele but do not have the disease. Conversely, many patients with Alzheimer\u2019s do not have \u03b54. Therefore, APOE is not a diagnostic marker but rather a \"genetic risk modifier.\"<br \/>\nImportant: genetic testing for APOE is recommended only within the framework of scientific research or when there is a clear family history. Self-testing through commercial services can cause unnecessary stress without the possibility of changing the situation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B0_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%E2%80%94_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82\"><\/span>Risk factors: what can be controlled and what cannot<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Uncontrollable factors:<br \/>\n\u2014 Age (main),<br \/>\n\u2014 Gender (female),<br \/>\n\u2014 Genetics (APOE \u03b54, APP\/PSEN mutations),<br \/>\n\u2014 Family history,<br \/>\n\u2014 Low education level.<br \/>\nControllable \u2014 and there is room for prevention here:<br \/>\n\u2014 **Vascular disorders**: hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia. They accelerate neurodegeneration through ischemia and oxidative stress. For example, patients with BP &gt;160\/100 mm Hg have a 60% higher risk of dementia.<br \/>\n\u2014 **Smoking and alcohol abuse**: nicotine worsens microcirculation in the brain, ethanol leads to hippocampal atrophy.<br \/>\n\u2014 **Chronic inflammation**: high levels of C-reactive protein, IL-6, fibrinogen correlate with accelerated cognitive decline.<br \/>\n\u2014 **Lack of physical activity**: a sedentary lifestyle reduces neurogenesis and blood flow in the hippocampus.<br \/>\n\u2014 **Depression and social isolation**: not just a consequence, but an independent risk factor. People with severe depression in adulthood have an 80% higher risk of Alzheimer's.<br \/>\n\u2014 **Poor nutrition**: a deficiency of omega-3, B vitamins, D, E, antioxidants creates \"metabolic vulnerability\" of the brain.<br \/>\nIf your goal is prevention, start with controlling blood pressure and glucose levels. This is more beneficial than any supplement.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8\"><\/span>Diagnosis: how to distinguish Alzheimer's from other forms of dementia?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The diagnosis is made comprehensively \u2014 no single symptom is sufficient on its own. Here are the main stages:<br \/>\n**Clinical signs**:<br \/>\n\u2014 Progressive amnesia (especially episodic \u2014 forgetting recent events),<br \/>\n\u2014 Deficit in executive functions (planning, shifting attention),<br \/>\n\u2014 Aphasia (difficulty in word finding),<br \/>\n\u2014 Apraxia (inability to perform familiar actions),<br \/>\n\u2014 Agnosia (failure to recognize objects or faces).<br \/>\n**Laboratory studies**:<br \/>\n\u2014 Complete blood count, biochemistry (glucose, TSH, vitamin B12, folic acid) \u2014 to exclude reversible causes (hypothyroidism, B12 deficiency),<br \/>\n\u2014 CSF biomarkers (in cerebrospinal fluid):<br \/>\n \u2022 \u2193 A\u03b242 (amyloid-beta 42),<br \/>\n \u2022 \u2191 p-tau (phosphorylated tau protein),<br \/>\n \u2022 \u2191 t-tau (total tau).<br \/>\n These three markers provide sensitivity up to 90 % with a confirmed diagnosis.<br \/>\n**Radiological methods**:<br \/>\n\u2014 **MRI of the brain**: hippocampal atrophy (volume &lt;5.5 ml in men, &lt;4.5 ml in women), enlargement of the lateral ventricles.<br \/>\n\u2014 **PET with ligands to amyloid** (for example, florbetapir): visualization of plaques in the cortex.<br \/>\n\u2014 **PET with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)**: hypometabolism in the parietal and temporal regions.<br \/>\n**Differential diagnosis** \u2014 a mandatory step. Often confused with:<br \/>\n\u2014 Vascular dementia (acute cerebrovascular accidents, \"stepwise\" deterioration),<br \/>\n\u2014 Dementia with Lewy bodies (fluctuations in consciousness, hallucinations, parkinsonism),<br \/>\n\u2014 Frontotemporal dementia (early personality changes, apathy, not memory),<br \/>\n\u2014 Depressive pseudodementia (improvement with antidepressant treatment).<br \/>\nIf you notice regular memory lapses in a loved one \u2014 do not attribute it to \"age.\" Consult a neurologist or gerontopsychiatrist for screening.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F\"><\/span>Treatment: what really helps today?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As of today, **there is no medication that stops or reverses Alzheimer's disease**. All available methods aim to slow down progression and improve quality of life. Treatment is divided into three blocks:<br \/>\n**1. Pharmacotherapy**<br \/>\nBased on two mechanisms:<br \/>\n\u2014 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) \u2014 increase the level of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter whose deficiency is associated with cognitive decline.<br \/>\n\u2014 Memantine \u2014 an NMDA receptor antagonist, protects neurons from the excitotoxicity of glutamate.<br \/>\nEffect \u2014 moderate: improvement in cognitive tests by 2\u20134 points on the MMSE scale over 6\u201312 months. But importantly: the drugs work only when the brain structure is preserved \u2014 in the late stages, the effect is minimal.<br \/>\n**2. Non-drug support**<br \/>\nThis is not an \"auxiliary\" part \u2014 it is the foundation of therapy:<br \/>\n\u2014 Cognitive stimulation (puzzles, reading, learning something new),<br \/>\n\u2014 Physical activity (walking 30 minutes a day reduces the rate of hippocampal atrophy by 2 % per year),<br \/>\n\u2014 Social interaction (group activities, volunteering),<br \/>\n\u2014 Sleep correction (sleep disorders accelerate the accumulation of beta-amyloid),<br \/>\n\u2014 Management of behavioral symptoms through the environment (for example, using labels on doors, light indicators).<br \/>\n**3. Experimental approaches**<br \/>\nSince 2021, two drugs aimed at amyloid have been approved:<br \/>\n\u2014 Aducanumab (Aduhelm\u00ae) \u2014 a monoclonal antibody against amyloid. Approved by the FDA, but not in the EU and RF due to weak evidence and the risk of ARIA (amyloid-related imaging abnormalities).<br \/>\n\u2014 Lecanemab (Leqembi\u00ae) \u2014 a more effective antibody, showed a slowdown in cognitive decline by 27 % over 18 months. Not yet registered in the RF, but used in clinical trials.<br \/>\nImportant: these drugs are prescribed only with a confirmed amyloid pattern and at an early stage \u2014 they are ineffective and dangerous at already pronounced atrophy.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0\"><\/span>List of drugs used in Alzheimer's disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Here is the current list of medications approved for use in the Russian Federation (according to the State Register of Medicines, 2025):<br \/>\n| Drug | Group | Dosage | Features |<br \/>\n|&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-|&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;|&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;|&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-|<br \/>\n| **Donepezil** (Aricept, Donepezil-Teva) | AChE inhibitor | 5\u201310 mg\/day | First choice for mild and moderate forms. Start with 5 mg, increase to 10 mg after 4\u20136 weeks. |<br \/>\n| **Rivastigmine** (Exelon) | AChE inhibitor | 3\u201312 mg\/day (oral) or patch 4.6\u20139.5 mg\/day | Well tolerated in gastrointestinal disorders. The patch reduces side effects. |<br \/>\n| **Galantamine** (Reminyl) | AChE inhibitor + nicotinic receptor modulator | 8\u201324 mg\/day | May improve attention better than others. Requires taking with food. |<br \/>\n| **Memantine** (Akamin, Memantine-SZ) | NMDA antagonist | 5\u201320 mg\/day | Prescribed for moderate and severe forms. Often combined with donepezil. |<br \/>\n| **Cerebrolysin** | Peptide neuroprotector | 5\u201330 ml\/day (iv or im) | Has no proven efficacy in large RCTs, but is used in the Russian Federation for clinical reasons. |<br \/>\n| **Piracetam** | Nootropic | 2.4\u20134.8 g\/day | Efficacy not confirmed in Cochrane meta-analyses. Used rarely, mainly in combination. |<br \/>\nNote: all medications require monitoring of liver and kidney function. Donepezil and rivastigmine may cause nausea, bradycardia, seizures in predisposed individuals. Memantine \u2014 less frequently, but dizziness and drowsiness are possible.<\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8E\"><\/span>Disease monitoring: how to track progress and adjust therapy.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Control must be regular and standardized. Recommended timelines:<br \/>\n\u2014 **Every 3 months** \u2014 assessment using scales: MMSE (mini-mental status), ADL (activities of daily living), NPI (neuropsychiatric inventory for behavioral symptoms).<br \/>\n\u2014 **Every 6\u201312 months** \u2014 repeat MRI to assess hippocampal atrophy and lateral ventricle volume.<br \/>\n\u2014 **In case of deterioration** \u2014 therapy review: it may be necessary to increase the dose of memantine or add non-pharmacological interventions.<br \/>\nThe prognosis depends on the age of onset and the rate of progression:<br \/>\n\u2014 If onset is before 65 years \u2014 average life expectancy after diagnosis: 8\u201310 years;<br \/>\n\u2014 If onset is after 80 years \u2014 3\u20135 years.<br \/>\nComplications that often lead to fatal outcomes:<br \/>\n\u2014 Pneumonia (due to aspiration),<br \/>\n\u2014 Pressure sores and sepsis,<br \/>\n\u2014 Injuries (falls due to coordination disorders),<br \/>\n\u2014 Dehydration and exhaustion.<br \/>\nEarly detection and comprehensive support can extend independent living by 2\u20133 years \u2014 and this is a huge gain for the patient and family.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F_%D1%83_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF\"><\/span>Age-related features: how the disease manifests in different groups<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>**Young patients (up to 65 years)** \u2014 rare (&lt;1 %). Most often \u2014 hereditary form. Symptoms may begin with speech disorders (logopedic form), visual perception issues (posterior cortical atrophy), or executive function problems (frontal form). Progression is faster than in the elderly. Diagnosis is complicated \u2014 doctors often think of depression or stress.<br \/>\n**Elderly (65\u201380 years)** \u2014 classic picture: amnesia, disorientation, apathy. Often combined with vascular changes (\u201cmixed dementia\u201d). Respond better to AChE inhibitors.<br \/>\n**Old age (80+)** \u2014 often a \u201cquiet\u201d course: first \u2014 apathy and slowing down, then \u2014 loss of self-care skills. Often masked as \u201cnatural aging.\u201d In this group, fall and infection prevention is especially important.<br \/>\nAn interesting nuance: in people over 90 years old, Alzheimer's disease may progress \u201cmore gently\u201d \u2014 likely due to the selection of survivors with more resilient brains (the \u201csurvivor effect\u201d). But this does not mean that symptoms can be ignored \u2014 the approach to therapy should simply be gentle.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B9\"><\/span>Questions and answers: the most common inquiries from patients and their families<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Question 1: Can Alzheimer's disease be prevented with vitamins?<\/strong><br \/>\nAnswer: Vitamins themselves do not prevent disease, but a deficiency of some of them accelerates its development. Especially critical are:<br \/>\n\u2014 Vitamin B12 and folic acid \u2014 their deficiency causes hyperhomocysteinemia, which damages the brain's blood vessels.<br \/>\n\u2014 Vitamin D \u2014 a level below 20 ng\/ml correlates with a 2-fold risk of dementia.<br \/>\n\u2014 Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) \u2014 at a dose of 2000 IU\/day in one large study (DATATOP) slowed progression by 6 months, but did not improve survival and increased the risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, it is not recommended as monotherapy now.<br \/>\nThe best strategy is a balanced diet (Mediterranean diet), rather than taking individual vitamins \"just in case.\"<br \/>\n<strong>Question 2: Is fish oil and omega-3 suitable for Alzheimer's?<\/strong><br \/>\nAnswer: Yes, but with caveats. DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is the main component of neuron membranes. In people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), taking 1\u20132 g of DHA per day may slow memory decline. However, in already diagnosed Alzheimer's, the effect is minimal \u2014 because the neurons are already damaged. The key point: it should be taken **early**, before significant atrophy. And preferably \u2014 from food: salmon, sardines, flaxseed oil.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 3: What products are really beneficial for the brain?<\/strong><br \/>\nAnswer: Based on data from the FINGER and MIND studies, the most proven are:<br \/>\n\u2014 Green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale) \u2014 1\u20132 servings a day reduce the rate of cognitive decline by 40%.<br \/>\n\u2014 Berries (blueberries, raspberries) \u2014 anthocyanins protect against oxidative stress;<br \/>\n\u2014 Nuts and seeds (especially walnuts, pumpkin seeds) \u2014 a source of vitamin E and magnesium;<br \/>\n\u2014 Extra virgin olive oil \u2014 polyphenols reduce inflammation;<br \/>\n\u2014 Dark chocolate (&gt;70% cocoa) \u2014 flavonoids improve blood flow in the brain.<br \/>\nThe rule is simple: the more diverse the diet, the higher the \"cognitive reserve.\"<br \/>\n<strong>Question 4: Is it necessary to have an MRI if a relative is diagnosed with Alzheimer's?<\/strong><br \/>\nAnswer: Not necessarily \u2014 if you have no symptoms. But if you notice regular memory lapses, difficulties with planning or orientation \u2014 yes, an MRI will help rule out a tumor, hydrocephalus, or stroke. It is also worth getting tested for APOE only in the context of a genetic counselor consultation \u2014 the result alone does not provide a clear prognosis.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 5: Can Alzheimer's be treated at home without a doctor?<\/strong><br \/>\nAnswer: No. Self-medication is dangerous. For example, taking high doses of vitamin B6 without supervision can cause polyneuropathy. And some \"nootropics\" can increase anxiety or aggression in patients with dementia. A doctor is always needed \u2014 they will select a safe regimen, consider comorbidities, and prescribe adequate monitoring.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C\"><\/span>Typical mistakes to avoid<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1. **\"I just forget \u2014 it's age\"**<br \/>\n \u2192 Error: ignoring the first symptoms.<br \/>\n \u2192 What to do: undergo screening \u2014 MMSE or MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Both tests can be done for free at the clinic.<br \/>\n2. **Taking \"vitamin cocktails\" without analysis**<br \/>\n \u2192 Error: combining B6 + B12 + folic acid without checking homocysteine levels can be useless or harmful.<br \/>\n \u2192 What to do: get tested for B12, folate, homocysteine, 25-OH vitamin D \u2014 and only then make adjustments.<br \/>\n3. **Fascination with \"miracle supplements\" from the internet**<br \/>\n \u2192 Error: taking ginkgo biloba, piracetam, or \"neuroprotectors\" without evidence.<br \/>\n \u2192 What to do: trust only medications included in the clinical guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation or the European Dementia Society (EFNS).<br \/>\n4. **Complete exclusion of the patient from life**<br \/>\n \u2192 Error: \"He doesn't understand anything \u2014 why lead him?\"<br \/>\n \u2192 What to do: even at a late stage, a person feels emotions, music, touches. Engage in simple rituals \u2014 shared meals, walks, listening to childhood songs.<br \/>\n5. **Start treatment only when \"everything is bad\"**<br \/>\n \u2192 Error: waiting until a person no longer recognizes relatives.<br \/>\n \u2192 What to do: at the first signs \u2014 consult a neurologist. Early intervention gives the maximum effect.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B0_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%E2%80%94_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D1%8C_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>The result: what works and what is just an illusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Alzheimer's disease is not a sentence, but a challenge that requires a systematic approach. Today we cannot cure it, but we can:<br \/>\n\u2014 Slow down progress by 1\u20133 years with donepezil + memantine,<br \/>\n\u2014 Maintain quality of life through physical activity, social engagement, and proper nutrition,<br \/>\n\u2014 Prevent development in 40 % people through control of vascular factors and cognitive stimulation.<br \/>\nVitamins are not medicine, but their deficiency exacerbates the situation. The best \"supplement\" for the brain is not a capsule, but daily walking, talking with your grandson, reading a book, and the confidence that you are not alone. If you are reading these lines, you are already taking a step in the right direction. Don't wait until it is \"too late.\" Start today: make an appointment with a neurologist, check your blood pressure, add spinach and walnuts to your diet. The brain appreciates care\u2014even if it temporarily forgets how to receive it.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alzheimer's is not just \"senile forgetfulness,\" but a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which neurons gradually deteriorate, especially in areas of the brain responsible for<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17880","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17880"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17880\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18696,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17880\/revisions\/18696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}