{"id":17679,"date":"2026-03-03T00:22:29","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T23:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=17679"},"modified":"2026-03-03T00:22:29","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T23:22:29","slug":"skolko-dlitsya-gripp-sroki-vyzdorovleniya-i-faktory-vliyayuschie-na-nih","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/","title":{"rendered":"How long does the flu last: recovery times and factors affecting them"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Influenza is not just a \"cold with a fever.\" It is an acute viral respiratory disease caused by RNA viruses of the genus *Influenzavirus*, which can quickly mutate and evade the body's immune defenses. Unlike ARVI, influenza begins suddenly: within hours, the temperature rises to 39\u201340 \u00b0C, body aches occur, there is a severe headache, weakness, dry cough, and eye irritation. Many patients spend the first day in a state close to feverish stupor \u2014 a person cannot get out of bed, and even drinking water becomes difficult. That is why it is important to understand: influenza is not a reason to \"wait it out at home,\" but a serious condition that requires attention, especially in children, the elderly, and people with chronic illnesses.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%91\" >Classification of the disease according to ICD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Epidemiology (statistics of disease occurrence)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\" >Genetic predisposition to this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Risk factors for the development of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Diagnosis of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" >Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >List of medications used to treat this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Disease monitoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Age-related features of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\" >Questions and Answers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B\" >Typical mistakes made by patients<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/how-long-does-the-flu-last-recovery-times-and-factors-affecting-them\/#%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%91\"><\/span>Classification of the disease according to ICD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), influenza falls under the section \"Infectious and parasitic diseases\" (block BA) and has the following codes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>J09<\/strong> \u2014 influenza caused by the influenza A virus, subtype H5N1 (avian influenza);<\/li>\n<li><strong>J10<\/strong> \u2014 influenza caused by other identified influenza viruses (for example, seasonal influenza A or B);<\/li>\n<li><strong>J11<\/strong> \u2014 influenza, virus not identified (\"unspecified influenza\").<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Important: code J11 does not mean \"mild form\" \u2014 it is used when laboratory confirmation is absent, but the clinical picture is typical for influenza. In Russia, when issuing a sick leave certificate and for epidemiological surveillance, J10 is more often used if there is confirmation by PCR or ELISA. Also, in ICD-11, subcodes for complications are highlighted: for example, J10.1 \u2014 influenza with pneumonia, J10.2 \u2014 with bronchitis, J10.8 \u2014 with other complications (myocarditis, meningitis, myositis).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Influenza has been known to humanity since ancient times. The first reliable description of an epidemic that meets modern criteria for influenza dates back to 1580 \u2014 at that time, an outbreak swept through Asia, Africa, and Europe, claiming thousands of lives. However, the real \"boom\" of influenza occurred in the 20th century. The most devastating pandemic \u2014 the \"Spanish flu\" of 1918\u20131919 \u2014 claimed between 50 and 100 million lives worldwide. It affected not only the elderly, as is usually the case, but also young healthy people aged 20\u201340. Scientists still debate: the culprit is the H1N1 virus, which likely mutated from a swine or avian strain, and its particular aggressiveness was associated with a cytokine storm \u2014 an uncontrolled response of the immune system.<br \/>\nAnother curious fact: the name \"Spanish flu\" became established not because the epidemic started in Spain \u2014 the country was neutral in World War I and did not impose censorship on news about the disease. While in Germany, France, Britain, and the USA, information was concealed to avoid undermining morale. Therefore, Spain was most often mentioned in international media \u2014 and the name stuck.<br \/>\nIn 1957, the \"Asian\" form of influenza (H2N2) broke out worldwide, and in 1968 \u2014 the \"Hong Kong\" strain (H3N2). Both strains arose due to the recombination of human and avian viruses. By the way, it was in 1968 that the method of sequencing the viral genome was first applied \u2014 this became a starting point for modern virology.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Epidemiology (statistics of disease occurrence)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Seasonal influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. According to WHO, every year, influenza affects between 51 million to 151 million people worldwide. This amounts to 290\u2013650 million cases per year. Of these, 3\u20135 million are severe cases, and 290\u2013650 thousand are fatal outcomes. In Russia, according to Rospotrebnadzor, in the 2022\/2023 season, about 12 million cases of ARVI were registered, of which approximately 15\u201320% were laboratory-confirmed influenza. The peak incidence occurs from December to February, although in certain years (for example, in 2020\u20132021), the epidemic peak shifted to spring due to disruptions in usual contact patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br \/>\nStatistics by age groups:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Children under 5 years old have the highest incidence (up to 20\u201330% in the season), but the mortality rate is low;<\/li>\n<li>People over 65 years old have low incidence (about 5\u20137%), but a high rate of hospitalizations and fatalities;<\/li>\n<li>Pregnant women have a hospitalization risk 3\u20135 times higher than that of non-pregnant women.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Interestingly, in recent years, there has been a \"shift downward\" in age: severe cases are increasingly being recorded in people aged 30\u201350 without chronic diseases. This is likely related to changes in circulating strains and a decrease in herd immunity after prolonged quarantines.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition to this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Genetic predisposition to severe influenza is not a myth, but a scientifically confirmed fact. Studies show that variants of certain genes influence susceptibility to the virus and the strength of the immune response.<br \/>\nKey genes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>IFITM3<\/strong> (interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 3) - regulates the entry of the virus into the cell. In carriers of the rs12252-C mutation, the risk of hospitalization due to influenza increases by 6 times;<\/li>\n<li><strong>HLA<\/strong> (human leukocyte antigen genes) - for example, HLA-B*27 and HLA-DQB1*06 are associated with a milder course, while HLA-A*02 is associated with increased sensitivity to the H1N1 virus;<\/li>\n<li><strong>TLR3<\/strong> and <strong>TLR7<\/strong> - receptors that recognize viral RNA. Mutations here disrupt the initiation of the interferon response;<\/li>\n<li><strong>MBL2<\/strong> (mannose-binding lectin) \u2014 a protein of innate immunity. Deficiency increases the risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Important: the presence of a \"risk\" mutation does not mean that a person will necessarily become seriously ill. It only increases the likelihood under otherwise equal conditions \u2014 for example, when exposed to a high viral load or in the absence of vaccination. Genetic testing for such markers is not yet part of standard practice but is actively being studied within the framework of personalized medicine.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Risk factors for the development of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Risk factors can be divided into three groups: biological, behavioral, environmental.<br \/>\n<b>Biological:<\/b><\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Age: children under 2 years and people over 65 years;<\/li>\n<li>Chronic diseases: asthma, COPD, heart failure, diabetes, immunodeficiencies;<\/li>\n<li>Pregnancy (especially the II\u2013III trimester);<\/li>\n<li>Obesity (BMI \u2265 40 \u2014 an independent risk factor for severe influenza).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Behavioral:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Refusal of vaccination;<\/li>\n<li>Smoking (reduces the function of the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract);<\/li>\n<li>Chronic stress and lack of sleep \u2014 suppress interferon production;<\/li>\n<li>Vitamin D deficiency (correlates with the frequency of ARVI in the winter period).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Environmental:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dense collectives (schools, army, offices with air conditioning);<\/li>\n<li>Air pollution (PM2.5 damages the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx);<\/li>\n<li>Low humidity (&lt;40%) \u2014 the virus remains viable in aerosol for a longer time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is particularly worth noting the professional risks: healthcare workers, teachers, transport and trade employees have a 2\u20133 times higher chance of getting infected during the epidemic season. At the same time, they often continue to work \"on their feet,\" exacerbating the course of the disease and increasing the risk of transmission.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Diagnosis of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The diagnosis of \"influenza\" is made based on a combination of clinical picture and laboratory confirmation. During the epidemic season, typical symptoms are sufficient for prescribing antiviral therapy without waiting for test results \u2014 as recommended by WHO and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.<br \/>\n<b>Main symptoms:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Acute onset (within 1\u20132 hours);<\/li>\n<li>Temperature \u2265 38 \u00b0C;<\/li>\n<li>Myalgia (muscle aches), headache, weakness;<\/li>\n<li>Dry cough, sore throat, nasal congestion (often moderate);<\/li>\n<li>Absence of runny nose as a leading symptom (unlike ARVI).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Laboratory tests:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Real-time PCR<\/strong> \u2014 \"gold standard\". Detects viral RNA in a nasopharyngeal swab. Sensitivity &gt;95%, result in 2\u20134 hours;<\/li>\n<li><strong>ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)<\/strong> \u2014 rapid antigen test (result in 15\u201330 minutes), but sensitivity is lower (60\u201370%);<\/li>\n<li><strong>Viral culture<\/strong> \u2014 used only in reference laboratories for studying strains;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Serology<\/strong> \u2014 determination of antibodies (IgM\/IgG) in paired sera (acute and after 10\u201314 days). Rarely used, mainly for epidemiological investigations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Radiological examinations:<\/b><br \/>\nChest X-ray is prescribed when complications are suspected \u2014 primarily pneumonia. Typical signs: focal or diffuse opacity, more often in the lower lobes of the lungs. CT is not required in routine cases but may be useful in atypical presentations or in patients with severe immunodeficiency.<br \/>\n<b>Differential diagnosis:<\/b><br \/>\nInfluenza needs to be distinguished from:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ARVI (adenoviruses, rhinoviruses) \u2014 onset is gradual, runny nose is more pronounced, temperature is lower;<\/li>\n<li>COVID-19 \u2014 symptoms overlap, but more often \u2014 loss of smell, diarrhea, shortness of breath in early stages;<\/li>\n<li>Bacterial pneumonia \u2014 temperature may not be very high, but cough with purulent sputum, leukocytosis;<\/li>\n<li>Mononucleosis (EBV) \u2014 in adolescents and young adults: lymphadenopathy, tonsillitis with exudate, hepatosplenomegaly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>Treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Influenza treatment is complex and depends on the timing of the visit, the patient's age, and the presence of risk factors. The main rule: start antiviral therapy within the first 48 hours of symptom onset. After that, effectiveness drops sharply.<br \/>\n<b>General treatment:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bed rest<\/strong> \u2014 at least 5\u20137 days, even if the temperature has dropped. Physical activity can provoke myocarditis;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abundant alkaline drinking<\/strong> \u2014 mineral water, rosehip decoction, tea with honey (if there is no allergy). The goal is to compensate for fluid loss during fever and to thin mucus;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Humidification of the air<\/strong> \u2014 optimal humidity 50\u201360%. Without this, the mucous membrane dries out, and the virus lingers longer in the respiratory tract;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nutrition<\/strong> \u2014 easily digestible, rich in protein and vitamins (chicken broth, stewed vegetables, porridge). Do not force to eat \u2014 appetite will return in 3\u20134 days.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Pharmacological treatment:<\/b><br \/>\nThe basis consists of neuraminidase inhibitors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Oseltamivir<\/strong> (Tamiflu, Nomides) \u2014 orally, 75 mg twice a day for 5 days. Effective against A and B;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zanamivir<\/strong> (Relenza) \u2014 inhaled, twice a day for 5 days. Not suitable for bronchial asthma;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Peramivir<\/strong> (Rapivab) \u2014 intravenously, single dose. For hospitalized patients.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Since 2020, **baloxavir marboxil** has been registered in the Russian Federation \u2014 an inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease. Acts faster: a single dose of 40 mg (20 mg for children) in the first 48 hours reduces viral load within 24 hours. Especially relevant for individuals at high risk of complications.<br \/>\n<b>Symptomatic therapy:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Antipyretics: paracetamol (max. 4 g\/day) or ibuprofen (if there is no gastrointestinal ulcer). Aspirin is prohibited for children under 15 years (risk of Reye's syndrome);<\/li>\n<li>Cough suppressants \u2014 only for dry, painful cough (Codeine, Sinecod). Expectorants \u2014 when transitioning to a wet cough;<\/li>\n<li>Nasal decongestant drops \u2014 no more than 5 days (xylometazoline, naphazoline), otherwise \u2014 medication-induced rhinitis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Surgical treatment for influenza is not used. However, in case of complications \u2014 for example, lung abscess or pleural empyema \u2014 drainage or thoracoscopic sanitation may be required.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>List of medications used to treat this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Here is a summary table of medications approved for use in the Russian Federation as of 2026:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tr>\n<th>Preparation<\/th>\n<th>Active ingredient<\/th>\n<th>Release form<\/th>\n<p> &lt;threcommended dose (adults)<\/p>\n<th>Features of use<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tamiflu<\/td>\n<td>Oseltamivir<\/td>\n<td>Capsules 75 mg<\/td>\n<td>75 mg \u00d72\/day \u00d75 days<\/td>\n<td>Take after meals. For children from 1 year old - by weight<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nomides<\/td>\n<td>Oseltamivir<\/td>\n<td>Powder for suspension<\/td>\n<td>6 mg\/kg \u00d72\/day \u00d75 days<\/td>\n<td>For children under 1 year old and those who cannot swallow capsules<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Relenza<\/td>\n<td>Zanamivir<\/td>\n<td>Powder for inhalation<\/td>\n<td>2\u00d75 mg (2 inhalations) \u00d72\/day \u00d75 days<\/td>\n<td>Do not use in case of asthma or COPD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rapivab<\/td>\n<td>Peramivir<\/td>\n<td>Solution for intravenous administration<\/td>\n<td>600 mg once<\/td>\n<td>In the hospital, when oral intake is not possible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Higlar<\/td>\n<td>Baloxavir marboxil<\/td>\n<td>Tablets 20\/40 mg<\/td>\n<td>40 mg once<\/td>\n<td>Effective in the first 48 hours. Do not combine with antacids<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Arbidol<\/td>\n<td>Umifenovir<\/td>\n<td>Capsules, tablets<\/td>\n<td>200 mg \u00d73\/day \u00d75 days<\/td>\n<td>Russian drug. Effectiveness is questionable, but it is approved for use<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note: Interferon-based drugs (Viferon, Genferon) and immunomodulators (Immunal, Anaferon) are not included in the WHO and Ministry of Health protocols as primary treatment. Their use is possible as an adjunct, but does not replace antiviral therapy.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Disease monitoring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Monitoring the course of influenza is not just \"checking the temperature.\" It is a systematic assessment of the risk of complications.<br \/>\n<b>Control stages:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Day 1\u20132<\/strong> \u2014 confirmation of the diagnosis, initiation of antiviral therapy;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Day 3\u20134<\/strong> \u2014 assessment of dynamics: decrease in temperature, reduction of weakness. If the temperature has not dropped or has returned \u2014 suspect bacterial superinfection;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Day 5\u20137<\/strong> \u2014 disappearance of fever, but persistence of cough and weakness \u2014 normal. If the cough worsens, purulent sputum appears, shortness of breath \u2014 urgently to the doctor;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Day 10+<\/strong> \u2014 recurrence of temperature or deterioration of condition \u2014 a sign of secondary pneumonia, myocarditis, or sepsis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Forecast:<\/b><br \/>\nIn healthy adults without risk factors, recovery occurs within 7\u201310 days. However, weakness and cough may persist for 2\u20133 weeks \u2014 this is not a complication, but a consequence of inflammation in the airways. In the elderly and those with chronic conditions, the duration extends to 14\u201321 days.<br \/>\n<b>Complications:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bacterial pneumonias<\/strong> \u2014 the most common (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus);<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acute bronchitis and tracheitis<\/strong> \u2014 especially in smokers;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Myocarditis and pericarditis<\/strong> \u2014 manifest as pain behind the sternum, arrhythmia;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Neurological complications<\/strong> \u2014 encephalopathy, Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (very rare);<\/li>\n<li><strong>Multiple organ failure syndrome<\/strong> \u2014 in severe cases, especially with delayed therapy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Important: even after recovery, it is necessary to avoid physical exertion for 2\u20133 weeks. The heart and lungs are still \"recovering,\" and overexertion can provoke complications.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Age-related features of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Influenza in children, adults, and the elderly is almost different diseases.<br \/>\n<b>Children under 3 years:<\/b><br \/>\nOften starts with vomiting, diarrhea, and cramps (due to high temperature). The temperature can reach 40.5 \u00b0C. The risk of dehydration is high \u2014 it is necessary to monitor urination (at least once every 3 hours). In infants, apnea (brief cessation of breathing) may occur. Antiviral medications are prescribed from 1 year (oseltamivir) or from 5 years (zanamivir).<br \/>\n<b>Children aged 3\u201312 years:<\/b><br \/>\nTypical picture: high fever, body aches, refusal to eat. Earache (otitis) or sinusitis often accompanies. It is important not to give aspirin \u2014 risk of Reye's syndrome. Schoolchildren can \"return to school\" on the 5th day \u2014 but this is dangerous: the virus is still shedding, and the risk of relapse is high.<br \/>\n<b>Adolescents and young adults (15\u201340 years):<\/b><br \/>\nMost often a mild course, but in the absence of vaccination, severe forms are possible. A special group is athletes: after the flu, training should be resumed gradually, starting with 30% load. A sharp return to training is a direct path to myocarditis.<br \/>\n<b>People over 65 years old:<\/b><br \/>\nOften the temperature does not rise above 37.5\u201338 \u00b0C \u2014 an \"atypical\" form. However, weakness, confusion, and shortness of breath develop quickly. In 30% elderly patients, the flu is masked as an exacerbation of a chronic disease (for example, heart failure). The mortality rate in this group is up to 5\u201310% in severe forms.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>Questions and Answers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Question 1: How many days does the flu last in an adult without complications?<\/strong><br \/>\nUsually, fever lasts 3\u20135 days, general weakness \u2014 7\u201310 days, cough may persist for up to 2\u20133 weeks. Important: if the temperature dropped on the 3rd day, and rose again to 38.5+ on the 5th day \u2014 this is not a \"second wave of the flu,\" but most likely bacterial pneumonia. Urgent consultation with a doctor is needed, and possibly an X-ray.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 2: Can the flu be treated without antiviral drugs?<\/strong><br \/>\nYes, if you have no risk factors (age, chronic diseases, pregnancy) and you sought help later than 48 hours. In this case, the key is symptomatic therapy and rest. But remember: without antivirals, the risk of complications is higher by 30\u201340%. Especially if you work in the service sector or live with elderly people.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 3: Why does the cough persist for a long time after the flu?<\/strong><br \/>\nThis is not a \"residual effect,\" but a sign of recovery of the respiratory mucosa. The virus damages the ciliated epithelium, and the body \"cleans\" the airways through coughing. If the cough is dry and does not worsen \u2014 this is normal. If sputum with pus, blood appears, or the cough does not decrease after 14 days \u2014 a consultation with a pulmonologist is needed.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 4: How many days after the flu can one go outside?<\/strong><br \/>\nAt least 24 hours after the normalization of temperature without antipyretics. But it's better \u2014 after 5\u20137 days from the onset of the illness. Even if you feel well, the virus is still released into the environment, and you can infect others. This is especially true for people with chronic diseases \u2014 they may experience the flu more severely than you.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 5: Does vaccination affect recovery times?<\/strong><br \/>\nYes, but not in the way people think. Vaccination does not \"cure\" the flu, but makes its course milder: lower temperature (37.5\u201338.5 \u00b0C instead of 39+), fewer complications, faster recovery. Vaccinated individuals have a lower viral load, so the immune system copes more effectively. Even if you get sick after vaccination \u2014 it\u2019s not that \"the vaccine didn\u2019t work,\" but a strain not included in the vaccine (which happens due to mutations).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>Typical mistakes made by patients<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\"I\u2019m no longer feverish \u2014 that means I\u2019ve recovered.\"<\/strong>The temperature has dropped, but the virus is still in the lungs. Returning to work on the 4th day is a direct path to complications and infecting colleagues. The rule: at least 5 days of rest with the flu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Self-prescribing antibiotics.<\/strong>The flu is a virus; antibiotics are useless against it. They are prescribed only in case of confirmed bacterial superinfection (based on blood tests or X-rays). Self-treatment with antibiotics leads to dysbiosis and resistance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Continuing physical activity.<\/strong>Running, gym workouts, heavy housework \u2014 all of this is dangerous on the 7th\u201310th day after the flu. The heart is still recovering, and the load can provoke arrhythmia or myocarditis.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ignoring vaccination \"because I got sick after it last time.\"<\/strong>Vaccination reduces severity, but does not guarantee 100% protection. Even if you get sick \u2014 it is not a vaccine error, but a feature of the virus. Each season the vaccine is updated for circulating strains.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Treatment \"on a friend's advice\": hot foot baths, sauna, mustard.<\/strong>During fever, these methods increase the load on the heart and can provoke collapse. A hot bath is allowed only after normalizing temperature and in the absence of heart problems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Influenza is not \"just a cold,\" but a serious infectious disease that can lead to severe complications in just a few days. Recovery times depend not on the \"strength of the body,\" but on three key factors: the timeliness of starting antiviral therapy, the presence of risk factors, and adherence to rest. In a healthy adult without chronic diseases, influenza lasts 7\u201310 days, but if recommendations are ignored, it can easily stretch to 2\u20133 weeks with complications.<br \/>\nThe best prevention is annual vaccination in the fall (from September to November), hand hygiene, airing rooms, and humidifying the air. If you notice an acute onset with a temperature above 38 \u00b0C, aches, and weakness \u2014 do not wait, consult a doctor within the first 48 hours. In this window, antiviral medications work most effectively.<br \/>\nRemember: your task is not to \"wait it out,\" but to help your body cope with the virus with minimal losses. Rest, hydration, proper medications, and monitoring \u2014 this is the formula for quick and safe recovery. And yes \u2014 if you are reading this while in bed with a fever, know: you are not alone. Millions experience influenza. The main thing is not to rush, not to ignore the signals of your body, and to trust proven methods, not folk advice. You will manage.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Influenza is not just a \"cold with a fever.\" It is an acute viral respiratory disease caused by RNA viruses of the genus *Influenzavirus*, which are capable<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17679"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17679\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19533,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17679\/revisions\/19533"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17679"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}