{"id":17678,"date":"2026-03-03T00:20:28","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T23:20:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=17678"},"modified":"2026-03-03T00:20:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T23:20:28","slug":"gripp-posle-privivki-vozmozhno-li-zarazitsya-i-chto-delat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/","title":{"rendered":"Flu after vaccination: is it possible to get infected and what to do"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Influenza is not just a \"cold,\" as is often thought. It is an acute viral disease of the respiratory tract caused by RNA viruses of the *Orthomyxoviridae* family, predominantly types A and B. The influenza virus aggressively attacks the epithelium of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, causing pronounced intoxication, fever, cough, muscle and head pain. The danger of influenza lies not in its prevalence \u2014 which is already enormous \u2014 but in the speed of the virus's reproduction and its ability to cause severe complications: pneumonia, myocarditis, exacerbation of chronic diseases, even sepsis. Children under 5, people over 65, pregnant women, and patients with immunodeficiency or chronic diseases of the lungs, heart, kidneys, and diabetes are particularly vulnerable. The flu vaccine is one of the most effective ways to protect against it, but many are still afraid to get it because they have heard: \"I got vaccinated \u2014 and a week later I got the flu.\" Is this possible? Yes, but not in the way it seems. Let's sort it out step by step \u2014 without fear, without myths, only facts and practical recommendations.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%91-11\" >Classification of the disease according to ICD-11<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Epidemiology: statistics on the occurrence of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%83\" >Genetic predisposition to influenza<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0\" >Risk factors for flu occurrence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%92%D0%98_%D0%B8_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C\" >Diagnosis of influenza: how to distinguish it from ARVI and what to check<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C\" >Treatment of influenza: when and how to treat<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5\" >List of medications used for influenza<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Disease monitoring: control, prognosis, and complications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0\" >Age-related features of influenza<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84\" >Questions and answers: influenza after vaccination \u2014 truth or myth?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C\" >Typical mistakes with influenza and how to avoid them<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/is-it-possible-to-get-the-flu-after-vaccination-and-what-to-do\/#%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5\" >Conclusion: what is important to know about influenza and vaccination<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%91-11\"><\/span>Classification of the disease according to ICD-11<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), influenza is coded as <strong>BA40<\/strong> \u2014 \"Influenza caused by influenza virus A\" and <strong>BA41<\/strong> \u2014 \"Influenza caused by influenza virus B.\" There are also subcodes to specify the form:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BA40.0<\/strong> \u2014 Influenza A, unspecified;<\/li>\n<li><strong>BA40.1<\/strong> \u2014 Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09;<\/li>\n<li><strong>BA40.2<\/strong> \u2014 Influenza A(H3N2);<\/li>\n<li><strong>BA40.3<\/strong> \u2014 Influenza A(H5N1), H7N9, and other zoonotic strains;<\/li>\n<li><strong>BA41.0<\/strong> \u2014 Influenza B, unspecified;<\/li>\n<li><strong>BA41.1<\/strong> \u2014 Influenza B, lineage Victoria;<\/li>\n<li><strong>BA41.2<\/strong> \u2014 Influenza B, lineage Yamagata.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Important: if influenza is complicated by pneumonia, the code is added <strong>CA10<\/strong> (\u201cPneumonia caused by the influenza virus\u201d). In the case of secondary bacterial pneumonia, the code for the bacterial pathogen is also added (for example, <strong>CA11.0<\/strong> for pneumococcus). These codes are used in medical records, when issuing sick leaves, and in disease statistics \u2014 and they help track which strains are circulating in the current season.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Influenza has been known to humanity for many centuries. The first reliable description of an epidemic resembling influenza dates back to 1580 in Italy and Spain \u2014 it spread from the Mediterranean to Asia in just a few weeks. But the real breakthrough in understanding came in the 20th century.<br \/>\nThe most devastating pandemic \u2014 the \u201cSpanish flu\u201d of 1918\u20131919 \u2014 claimed the lives of about 50 million people worldwide. The virus was particularly dangerous for young people aged 20\u201340 \u2014 a group that is usually resistant to respiratory infections. Studies from 2005 showed that the H1N1 virus of that time had a unique hemagglutinin structure that caused a \u201ccytokine storm\u201d \u2014 an excessive immune response leading to pulmonary edema and death.<br \/>\nAn interesting fact: the name \u201cSpanish flu\u201d is not because the virus originated in Spain. Spain was a neutral country during World War I and did not impose censorship on news about the disease, so it was the first to report the scale of the epidemic. In other countries, information was concealed \u2014 to avoid undermining troop morale.<br \/>\nAnother important point: in 1933, scientists first isolated the influenza A virus \u2014 this marked the beginning of the era of vaccination prevention. The first vaccine appeared in 1945 and was used in the U.S. military. By the 1950s, mass vaccination campaigns began in the civilian sector.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Epidemiology: statistics on the occurrence of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to WHO, annually influenza affects between 51 million to 101 million adults worldwide and up to 20 million children. This amounts to 1 billion cases of ARVI per year, of which 3\u20135 million are severe forms requiring hospitalization. Annually, influenza causes the death of 290,000 to 650,000 people \u2014 mainly due to complications.<br \/>\nIn Russia, the influenza season usually begins in November\u2013December, peaks in January\u2013February, and declines by April. According to Rospotrebnadzor for the 2023\/2024 season:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The incidence rate was 124.3 cases per 10,000 population;<\/li>\n<li>The highest levels were in the Republic of Tuva (247.1), Khabarovsk Krai (218.4), and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (201.9);<\/li>\n<li>The proportion of hospitalizations was 1.81% of all registered cases;<\/li>\n<li>The mortality rate from influenza and its complications was 0.0121% (12 per 100,000).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Important: these figures are only laboratory-confirmed cases. The actual number of infected individuals is higher \u2014 as many carry influenza \u201con their feet\u201d without consulting a doctor. It is also worth noting that in recent years there has been an increase in cases of influenza B \u2014 especially in seasons with low activity of strain A.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%83\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition to influenza<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There is no direct \u201cinfluenza gene\u201d \u2014 but there are genes that influence susceptibility to the virus and the severity of the disease. Research over the past 10 years has identified several key regions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Gene IFITM3<\/strong> (interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3) - regulates the entry of the virus into the cell. In people with the rs12252-C mutation, the risk of severe influenza increases by 6 times. This mutation is more common in Asians (up to 25%) and less common in Europeans (up to 4%).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gene CCR5<\/strong> - a receptor used by some viruses for penetration. The defective form CCR5-\u039432 reduces the risk of HIV but may worsen influenza - the data is contradictory, but a 2021 study showed that carriers of \u039432 have a higher risk of pneumonia with influenza A(H1N1).<\/li>\n<li><strong>HLA-class II genes<\/strong> (for example, DRB1*07:01) are associated with a weaker immune response to the vaccine. People with these alleles may produce fewer antibodies after vaccination.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This does not mean that \"you are doomed.\" Genetics is just one factor. A healthy lifestyle, timely vaccination, and hygiene minimize the risk even in genetically vulnerable individuals.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0\"><\/span>Risk factors for flu occurrence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Risk factors can be divided into three groups: biological, behavioral, environmental.<br \/>\n<strong>Biological:<\/strong><\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Age: children under 2 years and people over 65 years;<\/li>\n<li>Chronic diseases: bronchial asthma, COPD, coronary heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, chronic kidney failure;<\/li>\n<li>Immunodeficiencies: HIV, oncological hematological diseases, use of immunosuppressants;<\/li>\n<li>Pregnancy (especially II\u2013III trimester) - due to physiological reduction of cellular immunity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Behavioral:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Refusal of vaccination;<\/li>\n<li>Smoking (destroys the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract);<\/li>\n<li>Lack of sleep and chronic stress - reduce interferon production;<\/li>\n<li>Poor hand hygiene and lack of mask-wearing during the epidemic season.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Environmental:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dense groups: schools, kindergartens, offices, public transport;<\/li>\n<li>Low humidity (&lt;30%) - the virus survives longer in aerosol;<\/li>\n<li>Air pollution (PM2.5, NO\u2082) - damages the mucosa and reduces local immunity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you belong to one or more risk groups - vaccination is not just recommended, it is vital.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%92%D0%98_%D0%B8_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C\"><\/span>Diagnosis of influenza: how to distinguish it from ARVI and what to check<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The main symptoms of influenza - sudden onset, temperature \u226538\u00b0C, chills, headache, muscle aches, dry cough, weakness. Unlike ARVI, runny nose and sore throat in influenza are often less pronounced in the first days.<br \/>\nDiagnosis includes three stages:<br \/>\n<strong>1. Clinical examination and history:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Clarification of the date of onset of symptoms;<\/li>\n<li>Contact with sick individuals;<\/li>\n<li>Vaccination status in the current season;<\/li>\n<li>Chronic diseases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Laboratory methods:<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tr>\n<th>Method<\/th>\n<th>Time to obtain results<\/th>\n<th>Accuracy<\/th>\n<th>When used<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Rapid antigen test (nasal swab)<\/td>\n<td>15\u201330 min<\/td>\n<td>50\u201370% (low sensitivity)<\/td>\n<td>In the clinic when influenza is suspected within the first 48 hours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RT-PCR (swab from the nasopharynx and oropharynx)<\/td>\n<td>2\u201324 hours<\/td>\n<td>95\u201399%<\/td>\n<td>Hospitalization, epidemiological investigation, confirmation of diagnosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Serology (ELISA for IgM\/IgG)<\/td>\n<td>2\u20135 days<\/td>\n<td>High specificity<\/td>\n<td>Retrospective diagnosis, assessment of immune response after vaccination<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>3. Differential diagnosis:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ARVI (adenovirus, rhinovirus)<\/strong> \u2014 gradual onset, runny nose and sore throat dominate, temperature below 38.5\u00b0C;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2)<\/strong> \u2014 loss of smell\/taste, shortness of breath, prolonged cough; PCR test resolves the issue;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bacterial pneumonia<\/strong> \u2014 high temperature &gt;5 days, purulent sputum, localized wheezing on auscultation;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Meningitis<\/strong> \u2014 rigidity of the neck muscles, photophobia, vomiting without nausea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If symptoms appeared within 48 hours \u2014 it is important not to waste time: antiviral drugs work only in the early phase.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C\"><\/span>Treatment of influenza: when and how to treat<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Influenza treatment is not about \"curing the virus,\" but helping the body cope with it and preventing complications. It is divided into three directions:<br \/>\n<strong>1. Specific antiviral therapy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)<\/strong> \u2014 neuraminidase inhibitor. Take within 48 hours after the onset of symptoms, course \u2014 5 days. Dose: adults 75 mg twice a day. For children \u2014 by weight. Effective against A and B.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zanamivir (Relenza)<\/strong> \u2014 also a neuraminidase inhibitor, but in the form of inhalations. Not recommended for bronchial asthma.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza)<\/strong> \u2014 a new drug that blocks the cap-dependent endonuclease of the virus. Single dose, but expensive and not yet included in the standards of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. Symptomatic therapy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Antipyretics: paracetamol (no more than 4 g\/day) or ibuprofen. Aspirin is prohibited in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.<\/li>\n<li>Hydration: at least 2\u20132.5 liters of fluid per day (water, compotes, rosehip decoctions). Dehydration exacerbates intoxication.<\/li>\n<li>Rest: at least 5\u20137 days without physical exertion, even if the temperature has dropped.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Prevention of complications:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Do not prescribe antibiotics without confirming a bacterial infection \u2014 they do not act on viruses and can cause dysbiosis.<\/li>\n<li>For cough \u2014 expectorants (ambroxol, acetylcysteine), but not antitussives (codeine) \u2014 they delay sputum.<\/li>\n<li>In case of severe intoxication \u2014 intravenous solutions (glucose, reosorbilact) in a hospital.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Important: treatment should be prescribed by a doctor. Self-medication \u2014 especially the combination of antipyretics and antivirals without supervision \u2014 is dangerous.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5\"><\/span>List of medications used for influenza<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Here is the current list of medications approved for use in the Russian Federation as of 2026, indicating the form of release and features:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tr>\n<th>Preparation<\/th>\n<th>Active ingredient<\/th>\n<th>Form<\/th>\n<th>Features of use<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tamiflu<\/td>\n<td>Oseltamivir<\/td>\n<td>Capsules 75 mg, powder for suspension<\/td>\n<td>First choice for confirmed influenza. Contraindicated in severe renal failure (CC &lt;30 ml\/min)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Relenza<\/td>\n<td>Zanamivir<\/td>\n<td>Powder for inhalation<\/td>\n<td>Do not use in bronchospasm. Requires a trained patient \u2014 the inhalation technique is critical<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ximfluza<\/td>\n<td>Baloxavir marboxil<\/td>\n<td>Tablets 40\/80 mg<\/td>\n<td>Single dose. Effective even when started late (up to 72 hours). High cost (~5000 rubles)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Arbidol<\/td>\n<td>Umifenovir<\/td>\n<td>Capsules, tablets, suspension<\/td>\n<td>Russian medication. The mechanism of action is disputed. Not recommended in WHO and ECDC guidelines. Used in the Russian Federation according to national protocols<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Paracetamol<\/td>\n<td>Paracetamol<\/td>\n<td>Tablets, suppositories, syrup<\/td>\n<td>Safe when the dose is followed. Do not combine with other products containing paracetamol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ambroxol<\/td>\n<td>Ambroxol hydrochloride<\/td>\n<td>Tablets, syrup, solution for inhalations<\/td>\n<td>Stimulates secretion and mucociliary clearance. Start with dry cough transitioning to wet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Note: Arbidol is included in the national recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, but is not recognized as effective in international meta-analyses. If you are choosing between Tamiflu and Arbidol \u2014 it is better to take the former, especially if there are risk factors.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Disease monitoring: control, prognosis, and complications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After diagnosis, it is important to monitor dynamics. Control stages:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Day 1\u20132:<\/strong> temperature, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation (SpO\u2082). Normal SpO\u2082 \u226595%. If below 94% \u2014 hospitalization is needed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Day 3\u20134:<\/strong> assessment of therapy effectiveness: reduction in temperature, decrease in intoxication. If the temperature does not drop \u2014 a bacterial superinfection is possible.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Day 5\u2013:<\/strong> disappearance of fever, restoration of appetite and strength. If cough worsens, purulent sputum appears \u2014 a chest X-ray is performed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Forecast:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In healthy individuals \u2014 complete recovery in 7\u201310 days;<\/li>\n<li>In individuals with risk factors \u2014 complications may occur in 5\u201310% of cases;<\/li>\n<li>Mortality with timely treatment is less than 0.1%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Complications (in order of frequency):**<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Secondary bacterial pneumonia (streptococcus, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae);<\/li>\n<li>Sinusitis, otitis (especially in);<\/li>\n<li>Myocarditis, pericarditis;<\/li>\n<li>Reactive arthritis;<\/li>\n<li>Encephalopathy (rarely, in children with high fever);<\/li>\n<li>Multiple organ failure syndrome \u2014 during a \"cytokine storm.\"<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If you or your child have a temperature spike again on the 4th day, or if shortness of breath or chest pain occurs \u2014 call an ambulance immediately. This is not \"just the flu\" \u2014 it is a warning signal.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0\"><\/span>Age-related features of influenza<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Influenza in children, adults, and the elderly is almost different diseases.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Children under 3 years:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Often there is no classic fever \u2014 there may be subfebrile temperature (37.5\u201338\u00b0C) or even normal temperature in severe condition;<\/li>\n<li>Symptoms of intoxication dominate: lethargy, refusal to eat, vomiting;<\/li>\n<li>High risk of seizures with fever;<\/li>\n<li>Laryngotracheitis (\"false croup\") often develops \u2014 hoarseness, \"barking\" cough, stridor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Adolescents and young adults (15\u201340 years):**<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sudden onset, high temperature (up to 40\u00b0C), severe aches;<\/li>\n<li>High risk of complications with self-medication (for example, taking aspirin \u2192 Reye's syndrome);<\/li>\n<li>In athletes \u2014 risk of myocarditis even after recovery: at least 2 weeks of rest after fever subsides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/strong><strong>Elderly (\u226565 years):**<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Temperature may be subfebrile or absent altogether;<\/li>\n<li>Weakness, confusion, and adynamia dominate;<\/li>\n<li>High risk of decompensation of chronic diseases (e.g., CHF, diabetes);<\/li>\n<li>Mortality from influenza in this group is up to 90% of all fatal cases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If an elderly person suddenly feels worse, but the temperature has not risen \u2014 do not wait for \"classic symptoms.\" Call a doctor immediately.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8_%E2%80%94_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84\"><\/span>Questions and answers: influenza after vaccination \u2014 truth or myth?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong><strong>Question 1: Can you get infected with influenza after vaccination? And if so \u2014 why?<\/strong><br \/>\nYes, you can \u2014 but not from the vaccine itself. Modern influenza vaccines contain **inactivated** (killed) viruses or their fragments \u2014 they cannot cause the disease. However, three scenarios are possible:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Incubation period<\/strong>: you were already infected before vaccination, but symptoms appeared 1\u20132 days after it;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Strain mismatch<\/strong>: the vaccine contains 3\u20134 strains, but another one is circulating (e.g., drifted strain). Effectiveness in this case drops to 30\u201340%, but still reduces severity;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weak immune response<\/strong>: in elderly or immunocompromised individuals, antibody production may be insufficient.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The vaccine does not provide 100% protection, but reduces the risk of hospitalization by 40\u201360% and death by 70\u201380%.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 2: How many days after vaccination does immunity form?<\/strong><br \/>\nFull immune response develops within **14\u201321 days** after vaccination. Therefore, vaccination should be done before the start of the epidemic season \u2014 ideally in September\u2013October. If done in December \u2014 protection will be partial, but still better than nothing.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 3: Why does the arm hurt and the temperature rise after vaccination?<\/strong><br \/>\nThis is a normal reaction to the introduction of a foreign protein. At the injection site \u2014 local inflammatory reaction (pain, redness, swelling), in the body \u2014 short-term fever (up to 38.5\u00b0C), weakness. Lasts no more than 48 hours. This is not influenza, but a sign that the immune system is \"working.\" If the temperature is above 38.5\u00b0C or lasts more than 2 days \u2014 consult a doctor.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 4: Can you get vaccinated if you are already sick with ARVI?<\/strong><br \/>\nYes, but only with a mild course without fever. If you have a runny nose and cough, but the temperature is 36.8\u00b0C \u2014 vaccination is permissible. If the temperature is \u226538\u00b0C \u2014 postpone for 1\u20132 weeks after recovery. Vaccination during acute infection may result in a weak immune response.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 5: Do you need to get vaccinated every year?<\/strong><br \/>\nYes. The influenza virus mutates quickly \u2014 new strains circulate every season. The vaccine is updated annually based on WHO recommendations. Even if you had influenza last year \u2014 immunity to new strains does not guarantee protection. Annual vaccination is the only reliable way to prepare the immune system for the upcoming season.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C\"><\/span>Typical mistakes with influenza and how to avoid them<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Error: \"I'll take aspirin - it will reduce the fever faster.\"<\/strong><br \/>\n <strong>Consequences:<\/strong> in children - Reye's syndrome (acute liver failure + encephalopathy), in adults - gastrointestinal bleeding.<br \/>\n <strong>What to do:<\/strong> use only paracetamol or ibuprofen. Aspirin - only as prescribed by a doctor for CAD.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Error: \"I'll take antibiotics 'just in case'.\"<\/strong><br \/>\n <strong>Consequences:<\/strong> dysbiosis, bacterial resistance, sputum retention, worsening condition.<br \/>\n <strong>What to do:<\/strong> antibiotics are prescribed by a doctor only upon confirmation of bacterial infection (based on blood tests, X-rays, sputum).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Error: \"The fever has gone down - I can go to work.\"<\/strong><br \/>\n <strong>Consequences:<\/strong> relapse, myocarditis, chronicization of the process.<br \/>\n <strong>What to do:<\/strong> rest for at least 5-7 days after the fever subsides. Physical activity - not earlier than in 2 weeks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Error: \"I got vaccinated - now I'm invincible.\"<\/strong><br \/>\n <strong>Consequences:<\/strong> neglecting hygiene, infection and transmission of the virus to others.<br \/>\n <strong>What to do:<\/strong> vaccination is a shield, not armor. Continue to wash your hands, wear a mask in transport, avoid crowds during the epidemic season.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5\"><\/span>Conclusion: what is important to know about influenza and vaccination<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Influenza is not a \"cold,\" but a serious infectious disease with potentially fatal consequences. The flu vaccine is the most accessible and proven way to reduce severe cases. Yes, sometimes reactions occur after it - but this is not an illness, but a sign of the immune system working. Yes, you can get the flu after vaccination - but 3-5 times less often, and 5-7 times milder.<br \/>\nIf you are at risk - get vaccinated annually, ideally by October. If you get sick - don't wait, start antiviral therapy within the first 48 hours. Do not self-medicate, especially with antibiotics. And remember: your task is not just to survive the flu, but to survive it without complications. For this, three things are enough: vaccination, timely consultation with a doctor, and respect for your body.<br \/>\nI am Dr. Korzhikov, and I want you not to fear the flu, but to know how to cope with it. Because knowledge is not only prevention, it is confidence in every day.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Influenza is not just a \"cold,\" as is often thought. It is an acute viral respiratory disease caused by RNA viruses of the family *Orthomyxoviridae*, predominantly<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17678"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17678\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19510,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17678\/revisions\/19510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17678"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}