{"id":17676,"date":"2026-03-03T00:14:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T23:14:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=17676"},"modified":"2026-03-03T00:14:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T23:14:07","slug":"gripp-i-temperatura-kogda-zhar-signal-trevogi-a-kogda-norma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/","title":{"rendered":"Flu and temperature: when fever is a signal of alarm, and when it is normal"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Influenza is not just a \"cold with a fever.\" It is an acute viral respiratory disease caused by RNA viruses of the genus *Influenzavirus*, which can mutate at a frightening speed. Unlike ARVI, influenza begins suddenly: in just a few hours, you can go from mild fatigue to a fever of 40 \u00b0C, body aches, and an inability to get out of bed. The fever in influenza is not a side effect, but part of the immune response. However, it is important to understand here: a high temperature is not always dangerous in itself \u2014 it becomes a signal of alarm when the balance between the body's defense and its own forces is disrupted. Many people, especially parents of small children or elderly patients, panic at the first rise of the thermometer, hastily lowering the fever without considering that this \"fever\" helps fight the virus. Others, on the contrary, ignore the temperature until complications arise \u2014 pneumonia, myocarditis, exacerbation of chronic diseases. Today we will discuss how to recognize when a fever is a normal immune response and when it is a sign that the body is no longer coping. And most importantly \u2014 how to act without panic, but with a clear plan.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%91\" >Classification of the disease according to ICD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Epidemiology (statistics of disease occurrence)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\" >Genetic predisposition to this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Risk factors for the development of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Diagnosis of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" >Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >List of medications used to treat this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Disease monitoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Age-related features of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\" >Questions and Answers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C\" >Typical mistakes and how to avoid them<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/grip-and-temperature-when-heat-is-a-signal-of-alarm-and-when-it-is-normal\/#%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%91\"><\/span>Classification of the disease according to ICD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), influenza falls under the category \"Infectious and parasitic diseases\" (block 1A), subcategory \"Viral infections of the respiratory tract.\" The code for the main diagnosis is **BA40** \u2014 \"Influenza caused by influenza virus A or B.\" There are also specific codes:<br \/>\n\u2014 **BA40.0** \u2014 Influenza caused by influenza virus A;<br \/>\n\u2014 **BA40.1** \u2014 Influenza caused by influenza virus B;<br \/>\n\u2014 **BA40.2** \u2014 Influenza caused by influenza virus C (rarely causes severe forms);<br \/>\n\u2014 **BA40.Y** \u2014 Other specified forms of influenza;<br \/>\n\u2014 **BA40.Z** \u2014 Influenza, unspecified.<br \/>\nImportant: if influenza is complicated by pneumonia, the code changes to **BA41** \u2014 \"Influenza with pneumonia,\" and in the case of bacterial superinfection, an additional code is added (for example, **BA52** for bacterial pneumonia). This is not a bureaucratic detail \u2014 correct coding affects treatment assignment, hospitalization, and even epidemiological surveillance. For example, a case of influenza with code BA41 automatically enters the monitoring system of Rospotrebnadzor as potentially dangerous to public health.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Influenza has been known to humanity since ancient times. The first reliable description of an epidemic resembling influenza appears in the works of Hippocrates (5th century BC) \u2014 he described \"fever with cough and chest pain,\" which spread \"like fire through dry grass.\" However, a real breakthrough in understanding influenza occurred only in the 20th century.<br \/>\nIn 1918, the \"Spanish flu\" broke out \u2014 a pandemic of influenza A(H1N1) that claimed the lives of 50 to 100 million people worldwide. Interestingly, the name \"Spanish flu\" arose not because the virus originated in Spain (it was indeed first officially registered there), but because Spain, being a neutral country in World War I, did not censor news about the disease \u2014 unlike other countries. Thus, the world learned about the scale of the disaster.<br \/>\nAnother important fact: in 1933, British scientists Wilson Smith, Christopher Andrews, and Patrick Laidlaw first isolated the influenza A virus from the nasal mucus of an infected patient. This marked the beginning of the era of virology. In the 1940s, after World War II, the first vaccines against influenza were created \u2014 initially for the military, then for the civilian population.<br \/>\nToday we know that influenza is not a single disease, but a whole \"family clan\" of viruses. Influenza A viruses are divided into subtypes based on two surface proteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). For example, H1N1, H3N2, H5N1 \u2014 these are different \"faces\" of one virus. It was H5N1 (\"bird flu\") that caused panic in 2005\u20132006 when the virus transmitted from birds to humans with a mortality rate of up to 60%. But fortunately, it did not learn to be effectively transmitted from person to person \u2014 otherwise, the consequences would have been catastrophic.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Epidemiology (statistics of disease occurrence)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to WHO, annually, influenza affects from 51 million to 101 million adults worldwide and from 201 million to 301 million children. This amounts to about **1 billion cases of ARVI**, of which 3\u20135 million are severe forms requiring hospitalization. Each year, between 290,000 and 650,000 people die from influenza \u2014 predominantly elderly people, children under 5 years old, and patients with chronic diseases.<br \/>\nIn Russia, the flu season usually begins in late October \u2014 early November and peaks in January\u2013February. According to statistics from Rospotrebnadzor over the past 5 years:<br \/>\n\u2014 The average incidence rate is 150\u2013250 cases per 10,000 population during the epidemic season;<br \/>\n\u2014 In years of \"strong\" strains (for example, 2019\/2020 \u2014 H1N1pdm09, 2022\/2023 \u2014 H3N2), the figures jumped to 400\u2013500 per 10,000;<br \/>\n\u2014 The highest incidence is among children aged 1\u20134 years (up to 600 per 10,000), followed by schoolchildren aged 5\u201314 years;<br \/>\n\u2014 Among individuals over 65 years old, the incidence is lower (about 100\u2013150 per 10,000), but the mortality rate is higher \u2014 up to 15\u201320% among hospitalized patients.<br \/>\nImportant: statistics do not account for \"hidden\" cases \u2014 when a person has had a mild form at home without seeking medical attention. Studies using serological analysis show that the actual coverage of influenza may be 2\u20133 times higher than official figures.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition to this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Genetic predisposition to severe influenza is not a myth, but a scientifically confirmed fact. Research conducted as part of the \"1000 Genomes\" project and based on biobanks (for example, UK Biobank) has identified several key genes that influence susceptibility to the virus and the severity of symptoms.<br \/>\nThe most studied gene is **IFITM3** (interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3). It encodes a protein that blocks the virus from entering the cell at an early stage. In people with the rs12252-C mutation in this gene, the risk of developing severe influenza increases by 6 times. This mutation occurs in 25% of the Asian population and only in 4% of Europeans \u2014 which partially explains the differences in the epidemiological picture.<br \/>\nOther genes:<br \/>\n\u2014 **TLR7** \u2014 is responsible for recognizing viral RNA. Mutations here are associated with increased sensitivity to influenza in men (the gene is located on the X chromosome);<br \/>\n\u2014 **HLA-DQA1*01:02** \u2014 a variant of the major histocompatibility complex gene that reduces the effectiveness of the T-cell response;<br \/>\n\u2014 **MBL2** \u2014 encodes mannose-binding lectin, which is involved in innate immunity. A deficiency of this protein increases the risk of bacterial complications.<br \/>\nThis does not mean that a \"bad gene\" condemns you to severe influenza. Genetics is just one of the factors. But if your family often experiences complications after influenza, it is worth paying attention to prevention: vaccination, hygiene, timely treatment.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Risk factors for the development of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Risk factors can be divided into three groups: biological, behavioral, and environmental.<br \/>\n**Biological factors:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Age: children under 5 years and people over 65 have a reduced immune response;<br \/>\n\u2014 Chronic diseases: bronchial asthma, COPD, diabetes, heart failure, immunodeficiencies (including HIV and post-chemotherapy conditions);<br \/>\n\u2014 Pregnancy \u2014 especially the II and III trimesters: hormonal changes and physiological immunosuppression increase the risk of complications by 4\u20135 times;<br \/>\n\u2014 Obesity (BMI \u226530) \u2014 adipocytes secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, exacerbating the \"cytokine storm\" reaction.<br \/>\n**Behavioral factors:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Smoking \u2014 damages the cilia of the respiratory epithelium, reducing their ability to expel the virus;<br \/>\n\u2014 Lack of sleep and chronic stress \u2014 suppress the production of interferons;<br \/>\n\u2014 Refusal of vaccination \u2014 the most significant modifiable risk factor.<br \/>\n**Environmental factors:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Closed spaces with poor ventilation (schools, offices, transport);<br \/>\n\u2014 High population density;<br \/>\n\u2014 Seasonality \u2014 cold and low humidity (less than 40% RH) increase the stability of the virus in the external environment and reduce the protective functions of the nasal mucosa.<br \/>\nSpecial attention \u2014 to people working in service, healthcare, and education. Their risk of infection is 2\u20133 times higher than average. If you belong to one of these groups \u2014 do not wait until you get sick. Act in advance: get vaccinated, use masks during peak season, wash your hands every 2 hours.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Diagnosis of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Diagnosis of influenza is a combination of clinical picture, rapid tests, and laboratory methods. The main thing is not to confuse it with ARVI or coronavirus infection, as the treatment and prevention tactics differ.<br \/>\n**Main symptoms of influenza:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Sudden onset (within 1\u20132 hours);<br \/>\n\u2014 Temperature \u226538.5 \u00b0C (often 39\u201340 \u00b0C);<br \/>\n\u2014 Intoxication: headache, muscle and joint pain, weakness, photophobia;<br \/>\n\u2014 Respiratory symptoms: dry cough, nasal congestion, sore throat \u2014 but they appear later than fever;<br \/>\n\u2014 In children \u2014 possible vomiting, diarrhea, seizures at high temperature.<br \/>\n**Laboratory studies:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Rapid tests for influenza virus antigen (nasal\/throat swab): result in 15\u201330 minutes, sensitivity 50\u201370%. A positive result is a reason to prescribe antiviral medications.<br \/>\n\u2014 PCR diagnostics: gold standard. Detects viral RNA, determines subtype (A\/B, H1\/H3, etc.). Sensitivity &gt;95%, but requires 4\u201324 hours.<br \/>\n\u2014 Serological method (ELISA for antibodies): used for retrospective diagnosis (10\u201314 days after the onset of illness), when IgM and IgG appear in the blood.<br \/>\n**Radiological examinations** are only needed when complications are suspected:<br \/>\n\u2014 Chest X-ray \u2014 in case of cough, shortness of breath, persistent fever &gt;5 days;<br \/>\n\u2014 CT of the lungs \u2014 in case of suspicion of atypical pneumonia or abscess.<br \/>\n**Differential diagnosis** includes:<br \/>\n\u2014 ARVI (gradual onset, temperature \u226438.5 \u00b0C, predominance of runny nose and cough);<br \/>\n\u2014 COVID-19 (often \u2014 loss of smell, more pronounced shortness of breath, prolonged fever);<br \/>\n\u2014 Parainfluenza, RSV infection (more common in children, with a \"barking\" cough and laryngeal stenosis);<br \/>\n\u2014 Bacterial pneumonia (temperature \"constant\", does not decrease after antipyretics, purulent sputum).<br \/>\nIf you are unsure \u2014 do not self-diagnose. Consult a therapist or infectious disease specialist. Especially if the temperature lasts more than 3 days or there are signs of deterioration: shortness of breath, chest pain, confusion.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>Treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Treatment of influenza is not a direct fight against the virus, but support for the body to cope on its own. Antiviral medications work only in the first 48 hours from the onset of symptoms. After that, their effectiveness drops sharply.<br \/>\n**General treatment:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Bed rest for at least 5\u20137 days (even if the temperature has dropped \u2014 the virus is still active);<br \/>\n\u2014 Abundant warm drinks (at least 2 liters\/day): compotes, fruit drinks, green tea with lemon. Avoid coffee and alcohol \u2014 they dehydrate;<br \/>\n\u2014 Ventilation of the room every 2 hours for 10\u201315 minutes;<br \/>\n\u2014 Humidification of the air to 50\u201360% \u2014 dry air irritates the mucous membrane and slows down recovery.<br \/>\n**Pharmacological treatment:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Antiviral agents: **oseltamivir** (Tamiflu), **zanamivir** (Relenza), **baloxavir marboxil** (Xofluza). They inhibit neuraminidase or capsid polymerase, preventing the virus from exiting the cell.<br \/>\n\u2014 Antipyretics: **paracetamol** (Panadol, Efferalgan) \u2014 first choice. **Ibuprofen** is permissible, but with caution in children and in cases of peptic ulcer disease.<br \/>\n\u2014 Cough suppressants and expectorants \u2014 only by doctor's prescription. For dry cough \u2014 codeine or butamirate; for wet cough \u2014 ambroxol, acetylcysteine.<br \/>\n**Surgical treatment** for influenza is not used \u2014 except in rare cases: for example, in the case of lung abscess or empyema of the pleura, which require drainage. But this is already a complication, not the disease itself.<br \/>\n**Other types of treatment:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Inhalations with saline or mineral water (Borjomi, Narzan) \u2014 moisturize the mucous membrane;<br \/>\n\u2014 Physiotherapy (UHF, magnetotherapy) \u2014 only after the temperature has subsided and on the recommendation of an ENT specialist;<br \/>\n\u2014 Immunomodulators (for example, ribomunil, cycloferon) \u2014 their effectiveness is questionable, and they do not replace vaccination.<br \/>\nThe main rule: do not take antibiotics \"just in case.\" Influenza is a viral infection. Antibiotics do not work on viruses and can cause dysbiosis, allergies, or bacterial resistance.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>List of medications used to treat this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Below is the current list of medications approved for use in the Russian Federation as of 2026. All of them must be prescribed by a doctor, especially for children and pregnant women.<\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tr>\n<th>Group<\/th>\n<th>Preparation<\/th>\n<th>Release form<\/th>\n<th>Features of use<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antiviral<\/td>\n<td>Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)<\/td>\n<td>Capsules 75 mg<\/td>\n<td>Dosage: for adults \u2014 75 mg twice a day for 5 days. For children from 1 year \u2014 by weight. Start within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza)<\/td>\n<td>Tablets 20\/40 mg<\/td>\n<td>Single dose (1 dose) for individuals \u226512 years old and weighing \u226540 kg. Effective even after 48\u201372 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antipyretics<\/td>\n<td>Paracetamol (Panadol, Efferalgan)<\/td>\n<td>Tablets, suppositories, syrup<\/td>\n<td>Max. 4 g\/day for adults. For children \u2014 15 mg\/kg every 6 hours. Do not combine with other medications containing paracetamol.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Ibuprofen (Nurofen)<\/td>\n<td>Tablets, syrup, gel<\/td>\n<td>For adults \u2014 400 mg every 6\u20138 hours. For children from 6 months \u2014 10 mg\/kg. Contraindicated in case of ulcers, renal failure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Expectorants<\/td>\n<td>Ambroxol (Lazolvan)<\/td>\n<td>Syrup, tablets, inhalation solution<\/td>\n<td>Stimulates secretion and reduces the viscosity of phlegm. Do not give in case of dry cough.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cough suppressants<\/td>\n<td>Butamirate (Sinekod)<\/td>\n<td>Syrup, drops<\/td>\n<td>Central antitussive. Do not use in the presence of phlegm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Immunomodulators<\/td>\n<td>Cycloferon<\/td>\n<td>Tablets, injection solution<\/td>\n<td>Interferon inducer. Used for a course of 10 days. Not recommended for autoimmune diseases.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Important: many \"folk\" remedies (onion, garlic, honey with milk) do not treat influenza but can alleviate symptoms. For example, honey reduces the frequency of nighttime cough in children over 1 year old (according to Cochrane Review 2022). But it does not replace antipyretics at a temperature of 39 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Disease monitoring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Monitoring influenza is not just \"looking at the thermometer.\" It is a systematic assessment of dynamics to timely notice the transition from a simple infection to a complication.<br \/>\n**Control stages:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Day 1\u20132: assessment of temperature, well-being, taking antiviral (if prescribed);<br \/>\n\u2014 Day 3\u20134: if the temperature does not decrease below 38 \u00b0C \u2014 the diagnosis or prescription needs to be reconsidered;<br \/>\n\u2014 Day 5\u20137: assessment of respiratory symptoms \u2014 cough should become wet, phlegm should be clear or white;<br \/>\n\u2014 Day 8+: if the temperature has risen again or shortness of breath has appeared \u2014 see a doctor immediately.<br \/>\n**Prognosis** with timely treatment is favorable: recovery occurs within 7\u201310 days. But for at-risk groups, the prognosis may worsen:<br \/>\n\u2014 In the elderly \u2014 the risk of pneumonia 10\u201315%;<br \/>\n\u2014 In pregnant women \u2014 premature birth, intrauterine hypoxia;<br \/>\n\u2014 In children \u2014 convulsive syndrome, encephalopathy.<br \/>\n**Complications** are divided into:<br \/>\n\u2014 Pulmonary: viral pneumonia, bacterial superinfection (streptococcus, staphylococcus), bronchiolitis;<br \/>\n\u2014 Extrapulmonary: myocarditis, pericarditis, meningitis, sinusitis, otitis;<br \/>\n\u2014 Systemic: cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple organ failure.<br \/>\nIf you or your child experience any of these conditions \u2014 do not delay visiting a doctor. Complications develop quickly: from the first deterioration to a critical condition can take only 12\u201324 hours.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Age-related features of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Influenza in children, adults, and the elderly is almost different diseases. The difference is not in the virus, but in the immune system's response.<br \/>\n**In children under 3 years:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Often there is no classic fever \u2014 the temperature can be 37.5\u201338.5 \u00b0C, but the child is lethargic and refuses to eat;<br \/>\n\u2014 High risk of seizures at temperatures &gt;38.5 \u00b0C (febrile seizures);<br \/>\n\u2014 Otitis media and laryngitis (\"false croup\") often accompany;<br \/>\n\u2014 Important: do not give aspirin \u2014 risk of Reye's syndrome (acute liver failure).<br \/>\n**In children 3\u201314 years:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Classic picture: sharp rise in temperature, body aches, headache;<br \/>\n\u2014 Often \u2014 vomiting and diarrhea (especially with H1N1);<br \/>\n\u2014 Schoolchildren are \"super spreaders\": infect up to 10 people a day.<br \/>\n**In adults aged 18\u201360:**<br \/>\n\u2014 The most \"predictable\" age: pronounced intoxication, but quick recovery with treatment;<br \/>\n\u2014 The risk of complications increases with the presence of chronic diseases (asthma, diabetes);<br \/>\n\u2014 In men, severe course is more common (due to the peculiarities of the immune response).<br \/>\n**In individuals over 65 years old:**<br \/>\n\u2014 Temperature may be \"masked\" \u2014 37.2\u201337.8 \u00b0C, but the condition is severe: confusion, shortness of breath, tachycardia;<br \/>\n\u2014 High risk of pneumonia (up to 30% of hospitalized);<br \/>\n\u2014 Often \u2014 exacerbation of coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, COPD;<br \/>\n\u2014 Mortality from untreated influenza \u2014 up to 15%.<br \/>\nIf you are caring for an elderly person \u2014 do not wait for the temperature to rise. Pay attention to the general condition: lethargy, refusal to eat, dry mouth, rapid breathing. These signs may indicate a hidden infection.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>Questions and Answers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Question 1: Is a temperature of 39.5 \u00b0C in an adult dangerous? Should it be brought down immediately?<\/strong><br \/>\nNo, not necessarily. A temperature up to 40 \u00b0C is a normal immune system response. Interferons and leukocytes work more effectively at 38.5\u201339.5 \u00b0C. Bring down the fever if:<br \/>\n\u2014 Temperature \u226540 \u00b0C;<br \/>\n\u2014 There is a headache, nausea, confusion;<br \/>\n\u2014 The patient has cardiovascular diseases;<br \/>\n\u2014 The temperature lasts more than 3 days without decrease.<br \/>\nFirst dose \u2014 paracetamol 500\u20131000 mg. Do not combine with ibuprofen without a doctor's prescription.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 2: Is it possible to go outside with a temperature of 37.5 \u00b0C and a cough?<\/strong><br \/>\nNo. Even with a subfebrile temperature, you remain contagious for 5\u20137 days. The virus is released with droplets of saliva and mucus. Going outside not only risks your health (hypothermia will worsen inflammation) but also poses a threat to others \u2014 especially the elderly and children. Stay home for at least 5 days from the moment the temperature normalizes.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 3: Why does a cough persist for 2\u20133 weeks after the flu?<\/strong><br \/>\nThis is not a \"residual virus,\" but a consequence of damage to the respiratory mucosa. The virus destroys the cilia of the epithelium, and recovery takes time. Bronchial hyperreactivity is also possible (as in asthma). If the cough is dry and lasts longer than 3 weeks \u2014 a consultation with an ENT or pulmonologist is needed to rule out chronic bronchitis or an allergic reaction.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 4: The vaccination didn't help \u2014 I got sick a week later. Why then get vaccinated?<\/strong><br \/>\nVaccination does not guarantee 100% protection, but it reduces the severity of the disease. Studies show: among vaccinated people, the risk of hospitalization decreases by 40\u201360%, and mortality by 70\u201380%. Even if you get sick, you are likely to have experienced the flu more mildly than you could have. Moreover, the vaccine protects against several strains at once \u2014 and if one \"slipped through,\" others were blocked.<br \/>\n<strong>Question 5: Can antibiotics be taken \"preventively\" against complications?<\/strong><br \/>\nNo. Antibiotics do not act on viruses and do not prevent bacterial complications. On the contrary, their uncontrolled use leads to dysbiosis, allergies, and resistance. Antibiotics are prescribed only for confirmed bacterial infections (for example, purulent sputum, leukocytosis, radiological signs of pneumonia). Prevention of complications includes vaccination, hygiene, and timely treatment of the flu.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C\"><\/span>Typical mistakes and how to avoid them<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>1. <strong>Mistake: \"I will lower the temperature \u2014 and I will immediately feel better.\"<\/strong><br \/>\nReducing fever does not speed up recovery \u2014 it only alleviates discomfort. Often after taking an antipyretic, a person gets up, goes to work, gets chilled \u2014 and the illness worsens.<br \/>\n<strong>How to avoid:<\/strong> Lower the temperature only when it exceeds 38.5 \u00b0C or in case of poor tolerance. Even after lowering it \u2014 stay in bed for at least 2 days.<br \/>\n2. <strong>Mistake: \"I have had a fever for 3 days \u2014 I urgently need antibiotics.\"<\/strong><br \/>\nThe first 3 days is normal for a viral infection. Antibiotics will not help, but may cause diarrhea or allergies.<br \/>\n<strong>How to avoid:<\/strong> Wait until the 5th day. If the fever has not subsided, purulent sputum or shortness of breath has appeared \u2014 then see a doctor for an antibiotic prescription.<br \/>\n3. <strong>Mistake: \"I took Tamiflu for 2 days \u2014 and stopped because I felt better.\"<\/strong><br \/>\nAn untreated antiviral course leads to relapse and virus resistance.<br \/>\n<strong>How to avoid:<\/strong> Take the medication strictly according to the scheme \u2014 5 days, even if your condition improves on the 2nd day.<br \/>\n4. <strong>Mistake: \"The child doesn't want to drink \u2014 let them lie down.\"<\/strong><br \/>\nDehydration in children develops within 6\u201312 hours. It worsens intoxication and increases the risk of seizures.<br \/>\n<strong>How to avoid:<\/strong> Give small sips every 15 minutes: compote, juice, rehydron. If the child refuses \u2014 use a syringe without a needle (2\u20133 ml at a time).<br \/>\n5. <strong>Mistake: \"I had the flu \u2014 now I have immunity for a year.\"<\/strong><br \/>\nImmunity to a specific strain lasts 1\u20132 years, but the virus mutates every year. A new subtype may appear in the next season.<br \/>\n<strong>How to avoid:<\/strong> Get vaccinated every year \u2014 even if you have had it. The vaccine is updated for current strains.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The flu is not \"just a cold,\" but it is not a death sentence either. The key to safe recovery is understanding when the fever works for you and when it works against you. A high fever in the first 2\u20133 days is a signal that the immune system is fighting. But if it does not subside, is accompanied by shortness of breath, chest pain, or confusion \u2014 this is no longer a fight, but a cry for help.<br \/>\nDo not fear the fever, but do not ignore it. Do not skimp on vaccination \u2014 it is 10 times cheaper than hospitalization. Do not treat \"by analogy\" with last year \u2014 each flu season is unique. And most importantly: if you are unsure \u2014 consult a doctor. It is better to spend 30 minutes on a consultation than a week in the hospital.<br \/>\nRemember: your task is not to \"kill the virus,\" but to give the body a chance to defeat it on its own. And for that, you need rest, water, time, and a sensible approach. I am Dr. Korzhikov, and I want you to experience the flu not as a disaster, but as a trial that you have passed with wisdom and care for yourself.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Influenza is not just a \"cold with a fever.\" It is an acute viral respiratory disease caused by RNA viruses of the genus *Influenzavirus*, which are capable of mutating<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24339,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17676"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19446,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17676\/revisions\/19446"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24339"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}