{"id":17671,"date":"2026-03-02T23:55:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-02T22:55:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=17671"},"modified":"2026-03-02T23:55:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-02T22:55:14","slug":"gripp-vs-orvi-kak-otlichit-i-pochemu-eto-vazhno-dlya-lecheniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Flu vs ARVI: how to distinguish and why it is important for treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Influenza and ARVI are the two most common \"guests\" in the cold season, which even doctors often confuse during the first examination. But behind this apparent similarity lie fundamentally different viruses, different rates of development, different risks of complications, and, most importantly, different approaches to treatment. If you catch the first symptoms and think, \"It's just a runny nose and a slight fever \u2014 I'll rest for a couple of days and it will pass,\" then it's worth considering: could this be influenza? Because with influenza, \"waiting\" can turn into pneumonia, myocarditis, or even hospitalization. In this article, as an infectious disease physician with 15 years of experience, I will explain not only how to distinguish influenza from ARVI by symptoms but also why this difference is critical for choosing a treatment strategy \u2014 especially if there are children, elderly relatives, or people with chronic illnesses in the house. We will cover everything: from genetics to laboratory diagnostics, from mistakes in self-treatment to real data on epidemiology in Russia and the world. And yes \u2014 without \"water,\" only verified facts and practical recommendations.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%91-11\" >Classification of the disease according to ICD-11<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Epidemiology: statistics on the occurrence of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\" >Genetic predisposition to this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Risk factors for the development of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B\" >Diagnosis: symptoms, laboratory and instrumental methods<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0\" >Treatment: general principles and tactics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >List of drugs used for treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Disease monitoring: control stages, prognosis, complications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Age-related features of the disease course<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\" >Questions and Answers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C\" >Typical mistakes and how to avoid them<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/flu-vs-arvi-how-to-distinguish-and-why-it-is-important-for-treatment\/#%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C\" >Conclusion: what is important to remember<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%9A%D0%91-11\"><\/span>Classification of the disease according to ICD-11<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), influenza and ARVI belong to different categories, although both fall under the section \"Infectious and parasitic diseases\" (Chapter 1). Influenza is coded as <strong>BA40<\/strong> \u2014 \"Influenza caused by the influenza virus,\" and the subtype depends on the serotype of the virus: A(H1N1), A(H3N2), B\/Victoria, B\/Yamagata, etc. This is important: it is the serotype that determines whether the vaccine will be effective this season and what form of the disease to expect \u2014 mild or severe.<br \/>\nARVI is not a single disease but a group of acute respiratory viral infections caused by more than 200 types of viruses. In ICD-11, they are grouped under the code <strong>BA41<\/strong> \u2014 \"Other acute respiratory viral infections.\" This includes: rhinoviruses (about 40% of all ARVI), coronaviruses (not SARS-CoV-2!), adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), metapneumovirus, and others. Each of them has its own clinical \"signature\": for example, rhinoviruses almost always start with nasal congestion and sneezing, while RSV more often affects the lower respiratory tract in children under 2 years old.<br \/>\nIt is important to understand: in medical documentation, influenza is never referred to as \"ARVI,\" even if the patient says, \"I have ARVI, but my temperature is 39.5.\" This is not just a formality \u2014 it is a matter of accurate diagnosis, which affects the decision about hospitalization, the prescription of antiviral drugs, and epidemiological surveillance.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Influenza has been known to humanity since ancient times. The first reliable description of an epidemic resembling influenza is found in Hippocrates in the 5th century BC: he describes a widespread illness with fever, cough, and muscle pain that swept through Greece and Asia. However, a real breakthrough in understanding came in the 20th century.<br \/>\nIn 1918, the \"Spanish flu\" broke out \u2014 a pandemic of influenza A(H1N1) that claimed the lives of 50 to 100 million people worldwide. Interestingly, the name \"Spanish flu\" arose not because the virus originated in Spain (it most likely started in the USA), but because Spain was a neutral country during World War I and did not censor news about the disease \u2014 unlike other countries. Thus, the world learned about the scale of the disaster.<br \/>\nAnother interesting fact: in 1957, the influenza virus A(H2N2) \u2014 \"Asian flu\" \u2014 was first isolated, which claimed about 2 million lives. And in 1968 \u2014 A(H3N2), \"Hong Kong flu.\" These strains became the basis for the creation of modern vaccines. Today we know that the influenza virus mutates in two ways: antigenic drift (slow mutations in hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) and antigenic shift (sharp recombination of genes between human and animal strains \u2014 for example, swine or avian). It is the shift that leads to pandemics.<br \/>\nAs for ARVI \u2014 its history is less dramatic but no less significant. For example, rhinoviruses were first isolated in 1956 from nasal swabs of patients with a runny nose. Before that, a runny nose was considered a \"cold\" \u2014 a result of hypothermia. Only with the advent of molecular biology methods did it become clear: behind 80% cases of \"cold\" are viruses, not drafts.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Epidemiology: statistics on the occurrence of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to WHO, annually, influenza affects from 5% to 10% of the adult population worldwide and from 20% to 30% of children. During the peak activity season (in the Russian Federation \u2014 usually from November to March), up to 10\u201315% visits to therapists and pediatricians with respiratory symptoms are registered. But only 15\u201330% of them are confirmed influenza. The rest are ARVI.<br \/>\nIn Russia, according to Rospotrebnadzor for the 2024\/2025 season:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The total number of ARVI cases is about 18.7 million (an increase of 12% compared to the previous season);<\/li>\n<li>Confirmed cases of influenza \u2014 2.4 million;<\/li>\n<li>The largest increase occurred during weeks 48\u201351 (December), when the incidence level exceeded the epidemic threshold by 2.3 times;<\/li>\n<li>The mortality from influenza and influenza-like conditions in the same season amounted to 1,842 cases (according to FGBUN CNII Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The statistics by age groups are particularly alarming: among children under 5 years and individuals over 65 years, the proportion of hospitalizations for influenza is 4\u20136 times higher than for ARVI. At the same time, 70% of fatal outcomes occur in people with chronic lung, heart diseases, or diabetes.<br \/>\nAn interesting point: in recent years, there has been a shift in seasonality. Previously, influenza \"arrived\" in December\u2013January, and ARVI \u2014 in February-March. Now, due to changes in social practices (mask mandates, remote work, fewer contacts), the seasons are becoming less distinct, and outbreaks are more prolonged and \"spread out.\"<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition to this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Genetics plays a role not in whether you will \"get sick at all,\" but in **how severe** the infection will be and what the likelihood of complications is. Studies show that certain polymorphisms of immune response genes affect susceptibility to influenza and ARVI.<br \/>\nKey genes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>IFITM3<\/strong> (interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3): the rs12252-C variant is associated with an increased risk of severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. In carriers of this allele, the virus penetrates lung cells more quickly.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TLR3<\/strong> (toll-like receptor 3): mutations reduce the recognition of viral RNA, which slows down interferon production and increases viral load.<\/li>\n<li><strong>HLA-DRB1*07<\/strong>: associated with a milder course of influenza, while <strong>HLA-B*27<\/strong> \u2014 is associated with a high risk of myocarditis after influenza.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For ARVI, the data is less clear, but it has been established that people with a deficiency of secretory IgA (immunoglobulin in mucous membranes) more often experience recurrent rhinovirus infections. The role of the gene is also important <strong>FUT2<\/strong> \u2014 it determines whether a person secretes \"group substances\" in saliva and mucus to which rhinoviruses attach. Carriers of the non-functional allele (\"non-secretor\") are less likely to get rhinoviruses.<br \/>\nImportant: genetic predisposition is not a sentence. It merely modifies risk. Vaccination, hygiene, and timely treatment can fully compensate for this predisposition.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Risk factors for the development of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Risk factors can be divided into three groups: biological, behavioral, ecological.<br \/>\n<strong>Biological:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Age: children under 2 years and individuals over 65 years \u2014 due to an immature or suppressed immune system;<\/li>\n<li>Chronic diseases: bronchial asthma, COPD, coronary heart disease, diabetes, immunodeficiencies;<\/li>\n<li>Pregnancy (especially the II\u2013III trimester): hormonal changes reduce cellular immunity;<\/li>\n<li>Obesity (BMI \u226530): adipocytes secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, exacerbating the response to the virus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Behavioral:<\/strong><\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Smoking: damages the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract, reducing barrier function;<\/li>\n<li>Lack of sleep and chronic stress: suppress interferon production;<\/li>\n<li>Refusal of vaccination: the most significant modifiable risk factor for severe influenza;<\/li>\n<li>Self-medication with antibiotics for viral infections: leads to dysbiosis and secondary bacterial complications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Environmental:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>High population density (schools, offices, transport);<\/li>\n<li>Low humidity (&lt;30%): dries the mucosa, making it vulnerable;<\/li>\n<li>Air pollution (PM2.5, NO\u2082): exacerbates inflammation in the lungs;<\/li>\n<li>Seasonality: cold and short daylight hours reduce vitamin D synthesis, weakening immunity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If your task is to protect a child in kindergarten \u2014 pay attention not to \"antiseptics at the doors,\" but to the humidity in the group and the regularity of ventilation. This works better than 10 antiseptics.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B\"><\/span>Diagnosis: symptoms, laboratory and instrumental methods<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The difference between influenza and ARVI begins at the stage of taking the history. Here are the key differences:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tr>\n<th>Sign<\/th>\n<th>Flu<\/th>\n<th>ARVI<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Onset<\/td>\n<td>Acute, \"like a blow\" \u2014 within 1\u20132 hours<\/td>\n<td>Gradual, over 1\u20132 days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Temperature<\/td>\n<td>38.5\u201340.5 \u00b0C, lasts 3\u20135 days<\/td>\n<td>37.5\u201338.5 \u00b0C, rarely higher, 1\u20132 days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Muscle\/head pain<\/td>\n<td>Severe, \"aching\", prevents standing<\/td>\n<td>Moderate or absent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cough<\/td>\n<td>Dry, painful, may later become wet<\/td>\n<td>Initially dry, quickly becomes wet with phlegm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Runny nose\/sneezing<\/td>\n<td>Appears late, mildly expressed<\/td>\n<td>First symptom, abundant, with sneezing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Weakness<\/td>\n<td>Sharp, \"turns off\" for 3\u20135 days<\/td>\n<td>Moderate, work capacity is maintained<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Laboratory diagnostics:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Rapid tests for influenza antigen<\/strong> (nasal swab): sensitivity 50\u201370%, specificity &gt;95%. A positive result is a reason to start antiviral therapy immediately. A negative result does not exclude influenza (PCR is needed).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Real-time PCR<\/strong> \u2014 \"gold standard\". Detects not only the type of influenza (A\/B) but also the subtype (H1N1, H3N2), as well as rhinoviruses, RSV, adenoviruses. Time frame \u2014 2\u20134 hours.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Serology (ELISA for antibodies)<\/strong> \u2014 used retrospectively: an increase in IgG titer in paired sera (acute and recovery) confirms infection. Not for emergency diagnosis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Radiological methods:<\/strong><br \/>\nChest X-ray is prescribed when pneumonia is suspected \u2014 especially if the temperature does not subside after the 5th day, shortness of breath appears, or cough with purulent phlegm. In the image, diffuse infiltration is often seen in influenza pneumonia, while focal infiltration is seen in bacterial pneumonia.<br \/>\n<strong>Differential diagnosis:<\/strong><br \/>\nIt is necessary to exclude:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>COVID-19 (symptoms overlap, but with coronavirus, loss of smell, diarrhea, persistent fever &gt;7 days is more common);<\/li>\n<li>Adenovirus infection (often with conjunctivitis and lymphadenopathy);<\/li>\n<li>Mononucleosis (in adolescents: sore throat, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly);<\/li>\n<li>Bacterial sore throat (streptococcus): without cough, with white coating on the tonsils, high temperature &gt;39\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0\"><\/span>Treatment: general principles and tactics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The main rule: <strong>influenza requires specific antiviral treatment within the first 48 hours<\/strong>, ARVI \u2014 symptomatic therapy and immune support.<br \/>\n<strong>General treatment (for both):**<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bed rest for the first 3 days \u2014 even with mild course. Movement increases the risk of myocarditis with influenza.<\/li>\n<li>Abundant alkaline drinking (mineral water, rosehip decoction, fruit drink) \u2014 30 ml\/kg body weight per day.<\/li>\n<li>Air humidity 50\u201360% \u2014 reduces irritation of the mucous membrane.<\/li>\n<li>Ventilation every 2 hours for 10 minutes \u2014 reduces the concentration of viruses in the room.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/strong><strong>Pharmacological treatment:<\/strong><br \/>\nFor influenza:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)<\/strong> \u2014 a neuraminidase inhibitor. Dose: 75 mg twice a day for 5 days. Effective if started within the first 48 hours. In children from 1 year \u2014 by weight.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zanamivir (Relenza)<\/strong> \u2014 inhalation analogue, but not recommended in case of bronchospasm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza)<\/strong> \u2014 a new drug that blocks cap-dependent endonuclease. Single dose of 40\u201380 mg (depending on weight). Especially effective in children.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For ARVI \u2014 only symptomatic treatment:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Antipyretics: paracetamol (up to 15 mg\/kg\/dose) or ibuprofen (up to 10 mg\/kg\/dose). Do not give aspirin to children \u2014 risk of Reye's syndrome.<\/li>\n<li>Cough suppressants: codeine - only by prescription, for dry cough without phlegm. It is better to use mucolytic agents (acetylcysteine, ambroxol) for wet cough.<\/li>\n<li>Vasoconstrictor nasal drops: phenylephrine or xylometazoline - no more than 5 days, otherwise mucosal atrophy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Surgical treatment:<\/strong><br \/>\nNot used directly for influenza and ARVI. But in case of complications - yes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lung abscess - drainage or resection;<\/li>\n<li>Pleural empyema - thoracentesis or drainage placement;<\/li>\n<li>Sinusitis with bone destruction - surgery on the sinuses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Important: antibiotics are prescribed ONLY for confirmed bacterial superinfection (for example, with the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae in sputum or with pneumonia X-ray showing foci). Self-medication with antibiotics for viruses is a direct path to dysbiosis and resistance.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>List of drugs used for treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Here is the current list of drugs registered in the Russian Federation as of 2026, with an emphasis on proven efficacy:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tr>\n<th>Group<\/th>\n<th>Preparation<\/th>\n<th>Release form<\/th>\n<th>Features of use<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antivirals (influenza)<\/td>\n<td>Oseltamivir<\/td>\n<td>Capsules 75 mg, granules for suspension<\/td>\n<td>Start within the first 48 hours. For children from 1 year. Do not combine with live vaccine (interval 2 weeks)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Baloxavir marboxil<\/td>\n<td>Tablets 20\/40 mg<\/td>\n<td>Single dose. Contraindicated in pregnancy. Effective against strains resistant to oseltamivir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Antipyretics<\/td>\n<td>Paracetamol<\/td>\n<td>Tablets, suppositories, syrup<\/td>\n<td>Max. 4 g\/day. For children - 15 mg\/kg\/dose, interval 4\u20136 hours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Ibuprofen<\/td>\n<td>Tablets, syrup, gel<\/td>\n<td>In case of inflammation + fever. Not for stomach ulcer. For children from 6 months<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cough suppressants<\/td>\n<td>Ambroxol<\/td>\n<td>Syrup, tablets, inhalation solution<\/td>\n<td>Mucolytic agent. Improves sputum discharge. Not for dry cough!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Butamirate<\/td>\n<td>Syrup, tablets<\/td>\n<td>Central antitussive. Only for dry, painful cough. No more than 5 days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Immunomodulators<\/td>\n<td>Interferon alpha-2b (Grippferon)<\/td>\n<td>Nasal drops<\/td>\n<td>Prevention and early treatment. Effective for local use in the first 24 hours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Cycloferon<\/td>\n<td>Tablets, injection solution<\/td>\n<td>Interferon inducer. Not for children under 4 years. Course \u2014 10 days<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Please note: many \"antiviral\" medications in pharmacies (e.g., Anaferon, Arbidol) have no proven efficacy in large randomized studies. WHO and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation do not recommend them as the basis of therapy. They can only be used as an adjunct \u2014 but not instead of oseltamivir for influenza.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Disease monitoring: control stages, prognosis, complications<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After diagnosis, it is important to organize monitoring. Here are the control points:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Day 1\u20132:<\/strong> assessment of temperature, respiratory function, level of weakness. If the temperature &gt;39.5\u00b0C and does not decrease after antipyretics \u2014 call a doctor at home.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Day 3\u20134:<\/strong> disappearance of fever \u2014 normal. If the temperature remains &gt;38\u00b0C \u2014 suspicion of complications (pneumonia, sinusitis).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Day 5\u20137:<\/strong> cough should become productive and decrease. If it worsens, and there is sputum with pus or blood \u2014 urgently see a doctor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Day 10:<\/strong> complete recovery. If weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness persist \u2014 a consultation with a cardiologist or neurologist is needed (risks of myocarditis, post-viral asthenia).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Forecast:<\/strong><br \/>\nWith timely treatment of influenza in healthy individuals \u2014 favorable. Complete recovery in 7\u201310 days. For ARVI \u2014 5\u20137 days. But in at-risk groups, the prognosis may worsen:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pneumonia \u2014 develops in 1\u20135% cases of influenza, in 0.1\u20130.5% of ARVI;<\/li>\n<li>Myocarditis \u2014 in 1\u20132 out of 10,000 cases of influenza, especially in adolescents;<\/li>\n<li>Sinusitis, otitis \u2014 more common in children with rhinoviruses and influenza;<\/li>\n<li>Exacerbation of COPD\/asthma \u2014 in 20\u201330% of patients with chronic conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The \"second wave\" is especially dangerous: when the temperature rises again after 5\u20137 days \u2014 this is a sign of bacterial superinfection. In this case, a blood test for C-reactive protein and sputum culture is necessary.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Age-related features of the disease course<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Children under 3 years:<\/strong><br \/>\nInfluenza in infants often masquerades as \"intestinal form\": vomiting, diarrhea, without pronounced runny nose. Temperature can reach up to 40\u00b0C, seizures are possible. The danger is laryngotracheitis (\"false croup\"): a sharp barking cough, stridor, cyanosis. Requires immediate hospitalization.<br \/>\nARVI in children often starts with rhinitis, then cough joins. RSV is the main culprit of bronchiolitis: shortness of breath, retraction of intercostal spaces, \"bubble\" breathing. Without treatment, oxygen therapy may be required.<br \/>\n<strong>Adolescents and young adults (15\u201340 years):**<br \/>\nHere, influenza manifests \"classically\": body aches, high fever, adynamia. But it is in this group that myocarditis most often occurs \u2014 especially after physical exertion. Therefore, a ban on sports for 2 weeks after recovery is not a recommendation, but a mandatory condition.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Individuals over 65 years:<\/strong><br \/>\nA feature is \"atypical\" course: temperature may be subfebrile (37.2\u201338\u00b0C), but there may be confusion, weakness, drop in blood pressure. This is called \"influenza without fever\" and is easily missed. Risk of pneumonia \u2014 up to 30%. In such patients, even a mild runny nose requires a doctor's examination.<br \/>\n<strong>Pregnant women:<\/strong><br \/>\nIn the II\u2013III trimester, the risk of hospitalization due to influenza is 4 times higher than in non-pregnant women. The virus does not cross the placenta, but hypoxia and fever can provoke premature labor. Oseltamivir is allowed from the 1st trimester \u2014 the benefits outweigh the risks.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>Questions and Answers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Question 1: Can influenza be treated without antiviral drugs?**<br \/>\nYes, but only in mild cases in healthy individuals. However, the risk of complications from influenza is 5\u20137 times higher than with ARVI. If you are unsure of the diagnosis \u2014 take a rapid test. If it is positive, start oseltamivir within 48 hours. A delay of 1 day reduces effectiveness by 30%. For the elderly, pregnant women, and those with chronic conditions \u2014 antivirals are mandatory, even if symptoms are \"not that severe.\"<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Question 2: Why does a cough persist for a long time after ARVI?**<br \/>\nThis is not a \"residual phenomenon,\" but a protective reaction. The virus damages the ciliated epithelium of the bronchi, and recovery takes 2\u20136 weeks. Coughing helps clear the airways of dead cells. If the cough is dry and painful, you can use butamirate for up to 5 days. If it is wet, use ambroxol or fluimucil. But if the cough lasts more than 3 weeks, an X-ray is needed to rule out tuberculosis or allergic asthma.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Question 3: The flu vaccine doesn't help \u2014 I got vaccinated, and still got sick. Why?**<br \/>\nThe vaccine does not provide 100% protection, but reduces the severity of the disease by 60\u201380%. If you got sick after vaccination, it is likely an ARVI (the virus is not included in the vaccine), or the flu strain has mutated (antigenic drift). In any case, vaccinated people have fewer complications and hospitalizations. Vaccination is not a \"guarantee not to get sick,\" but a \"guarantee not to die.\"<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>38.5\u00b0C on the 5th day, purulent sputum, leukocytosis &gt;12\u00d710\u2079\/l.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C\"><\/span>Typical mistakes and how to avoid them<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><\/strong><strong>Mistake 1: \"I'll take aspirin \u2014 it will quickly reduce the temperature\"**<br \/>\nAspirin in children and adolescents can cause Reye's syndrome \u2014 acute liver and brain damage. Instead, use paracetamol or ibuprofen. In adults, aspirin is acceptable, but only in the absence of ulcers and hemorrhagic diathesis.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Mistake 2: \"I'll keep going to work \u2014 it's just a little fever\"**<br \/>\nThe flu is not a \"cold.\" Even with a temperature of 37.5\u00b0C, you can transmit the virus to 2\u20133 people in the office. The incubation period is 1\u20134 days, and the virus is shed 1 day before symptoms appear. Stay home for at least 5 days from the onset of illness.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Mistake 3: \"I'll buy immune stimulants \u2014 I'll strengthen my body\"**<br \/>\nMany dietary supplements and \"immune stimulants\" (such as echinacea, ginseng) have not proven effective against the flu in controlled trials. It's better to spend money on vitamin D3 (2000 IU\/day), zinc (15 mg\/day), and adequate sleep. Immunity is not \"pumped up,\" it is supported.<br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>Mistake 4: \"I'll do inhalations with saline \u2014 I'll recover faster\"**<br \/>\nInhalations with saline during the flu can worsen the condition: warm moist air stimulates mucus secretion, and with mucosal edema, this leads to airway obstruction. Inhalations are allowed only with a wet cough and under a doctor's supervision.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C\"><\/span>Conclusion: what is important to remember<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The flu and ARVI are not synonyms. The flu is an acute viral disease with a high risk of complications, requiring early diagnosis and specific treatment. ARVI is a group of infections that are milder but can cause serious problems in vulnerable groups.<br \/>\nKey actions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If the temperature suddenly rises to 39\u00b0C + body aches \u2014 think about the flu, do a rapid test;<\/li>\n<li>Start antiviral treatment within the first 48 hours \u2014 it saves lives;<\/li>\n<li>Don't skimp on vaccination \u2014 it reduces mortality by 40\u201360% in the elderly;<\/li>\n<li>If you suspect any complications \u2014 consult a doctor, not forums.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Remember: your task is not to \"recover quickly,\" but to \"prevent deterioration.\" Health is not something that can be \"made up later.\" It is like the foundation of a house: if a crack appears, it needs to be reinforced now, before the wall collapses. Be attentive to yourself and your loved ones. And yes \u2014 if in doubt, call the clinic. We are always ready to help.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Influenza and ARVI are the two most common \"guests\" in the cold season, which even doctors often confuse during the first examination. But<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17671"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19181,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17671\/revisions\/19181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}