{"id":13237,"date":"2024-08-23T02:56:16","date_gmt":"2024-08-23T00:56:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=13237"},"modified":"2024-08-23T02:56:16","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T00:56:16","slug":"tranzitornyy-neonatalnyy-saharnyy-diabet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/transient-neonatal-diabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a rare endocrine disorder that occurs in newborns and usually resolves within the first few months of life. The condition is associated with temporary insulin resistance caused by genetic mutations that disrupt the normal production of insulin by the pancreas. TNDM is most often diagnosed in the first four months of life and can present as hyperglycemia, an increase in blood glucose levels that requires careful monitoring and treatment to prevent potential complications. In most cases, TNDM is temporary, but it is important to consider that some patients may develop type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" 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href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/transient-neonatal-diabetes\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/transient-neonatal-diabetes\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Epidemiology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/transient-neonatal-diabetes\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\" >Genetic predisposition to this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/transient-neonatal-diabetes\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Risk factors for the development of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/transient-neonatal-diabetes\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Diagnosis of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/transient-neonatal-diabetes\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" >Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/transient-neonatal-diabetes\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >List of medications used to treat this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/transient-neonatal-diabetes\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Disease monitoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/transient-neonatal-diabetes\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Age-related features of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/transient-neonatal-diabetes\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\" >Questions and Answers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus was first described in the 1970s when researchers noticed that some newborns developed temporary symptoms of diabetes that resolved without insulin. Over time, the genetic basis of the condition became known, including mutations in genes such as INSR, KCNJ11, and ABCC8. The disease has received particular attention due to the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, which is critical to preventing neonatal emergencies. Interestingly, transient neonatal diabetes mellitus is most common among children born to mothers with controlled or uncontrolled diabetes, opening new perspectives on the genetic predisposition and effects on the development of this disorder.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Epidemiology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The epidemiology of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus shows that the disease is relatively rare, with a neonatal survival rate of approximately 1 in 4,000 to 1 in 21,000 live births. Statistically, TND is more common in low birth weight infants and in infants whose mothers have diabetes. However, the vast majority of cases are transient and do not require long-term treatment. The potential prevalence of the disease may vary by region, ethnicity, and genetic predisposition, opening a second tier of medical research.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition to this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Genetic predisposition to transient neonatal diabetes mellitus is the presence of certain mutations that affect the functioning of insulin receptors and insulin secretion mechanisms. The most common mutations are in the following genes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>INSR<\/strong> \u2014 a gene encoding insulin receptors associated with insulin signaling;<\/li>\n<li><strong>KCNJ11<\/strong> \u2014 a gene that is responsible for the formation of potassium channels in pancreatic cells;<\/li>\n<li><strong>ABCC8<\/strong> \u2014 a gene encoding a protein involved in the regulation of the output of ATP-dependent potassium channels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These mutations can disrupt normal pancreatic function and lead to temporary hyperglycemia. It is important to note that not all children with these mutations will develop TNDM, indicating a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Risk factors for the development of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Risk factors for the development of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus include both biological and external factors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Genetic factors<\/strong> - a family history of diabetes, especially in parents or close relatives;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mother&#039;s age<\/strong> \u2014 advanced maternal age may increase the risk of developing TNDM in newborns;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maternal diabetes mellitus<\/strong> -maternal diabetes, especially in cases where the disease is not properly controlled;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ethnic factors<\/strong> - some ethnic groups may have an increased risk of developing TNDM;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Violation of the functional state of the placenta<\/strong> - Some cases of neonatal diabetes may be associated with hypoxia during pregnancy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These factors highlight the importance of early diagnosis and monitoring of pregnant women at risk of developing diabetes.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Diagnosis of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Diagnosis of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus is an important step that includes several key components:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Main symptoms<\/strong> - detection of hyperglycemia, increased thirst, frequent urination and changes in the weight of the newborn;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Laboratory research<\/strong> \u2014 blood glucose level tests, determination of glycated hemoglobin level to assess long-term glycemia;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Radiological examinations<\/strong> \u2014 may be performed as part of the exclusion of other diseases, but are not the main diagnostic modalities for TND;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other types of diagnostics<\/strong> - genetic testing to determine the presence of mutations in key genes;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Differential diagnosis<\/strong> - exclusion of other types of diabetes mellitus, such as type 1 or type 2, as well as other endocrine diseases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Early diagnosis provides effective assistance in managing the child&#039;s condition and reduces the likelihood of serious complications.<\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>Treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Treatment of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus includes several approaches:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>General treatment<\/strong> - correction of blood glucose levels through diet and food intake control;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pharmacological treatment<\/strong> - insulin therapy may be required in case of severe hyperglycemia, however it is emphasized that most cases are temporary;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Surgical treatment<\/strong> - is not used for TNSD, since the condition most often does not require surgical intervention;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other types of treatment<\/strong> \u2014 psychological support and training for parents to manage their child\u2019s condition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The main goal of treatment is to maintain glucose levels within adequate limits and improve the quality of life of the newborn.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>List of medications used to treat this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The following drugs can be used for transient neonatal diabetes mellitus:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Short-acting insulin (eg, insulin aspart, insulin glulisine);<\/li>\n<li>Intermediate-acting insulin (eg, NPH insulin);<\/li>\n<li>Glucose donors such as glucose for rapid correction of hyperglycemia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Because TNDM is a temporary condition, there is generally no need for long-term drug therapy.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Disease monitoring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Monitoring of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus includes regular measurement of blood glucose levels and assessment of the patient&#039;s general condition:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Control stages<\/strong> - regular visits to the doctor to assess the dynamics of the condition and conduct laboratory tests;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Forecast<\/strong> \u2014 most cases have a favorable outcome with timely diagnosis and adequate treatment;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Complications<\/strong> - are possible, although rare, as a result of failure to provide necessary medical care, including the risk of long-term metabolic disorders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Monitoring the patient&#039;s condition allows for quick action if necessary and significantly reduces the risk of complications.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Age-related features of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus may present differently depending on the age of the patient. Newborns typically have an abrupt onset of clinical signs in the first weeks of life, while older children may experience less specific symptoms such as fatigue and increased thirst, especially if the condition becomes chronic. Research shows that most children over one year of age have a good prognosis with the possibility of full recovery, but some may develop more serious forms of diabetes later in life, requiring closer monitoring.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>Questions and Answers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>What are the main signs of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus?<\/strong> The main signs include hyperglycemia, increased thirst, frequent urination, and fluctuations in newborn weight.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Should transient neonatal diabetes be treated?<\/strong> Treatment is usually needed to control glucose levels, but in most cases the condition is temporary and does not require long-term intervention.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What are the causes of this disease?<\/strong> Causes may include genetic predisposition, maternal diseases, and exogenous factors that increase the risk of metabolic disorders.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Could TNDM lead to other forms of diabetes in the future?<\/strong> Yes, some patients may develop type 1 or type 2 diabetes later in life, which requires ongoing monitoring.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the role of genetic testing in diagnosing TNDM?<\/strong> Genetic testing helps confirm the presence of disease-associated mutations and allows for more precise treatment adjustments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a rare endocrine disorder that occurs in newborns and usually resolves within the first<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13237"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13683,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13237\/revisions\/13683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13237"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}