{"id":13163,"date":"2024-08-23T04:11:05","date_gmt":"2024-08-23T02:11:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=13163"},"modified":"2024-08-23T04:11:05","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T02:11:05","slug":"nefropatiya-tonkoy-bazalnoy-membrany","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/thin-basal-membrane-nephropathy\/","title":{"rendered":"Thin basement membrane nephropathy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBM) is a special form of renal pathological process associated with changes in the component of the renal filtration system. The thin basement membrane, formed during glomerular filtration, plays a key role in maintaining the integrity and function of glomerular filtration. Thin basement membrane nephropathy is most often associated with genetic mutations that lead to thinning and degeneration of this membrane. This disease can manifest itself as isolated proteinuria, which often leads to a state of chronic renal failure. Important aspects of this disease are the mechanisms of its development, clinical manifestations and approaches to diagnosis and treatment.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" 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href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/thin-basal-membrane-nephropathy\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/thin-basal-membrane-nephropathy\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Epidemiology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/thin-basal-membrane-nephropathy\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\" >Genetic predisposition to this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/thin-basal-membrane-nephropathy\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Risk factors for the development of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/thin-basal-membrane-nephropathy\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Diagnosis of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/thin-basal-membrane-nephropathy\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" >Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/thin-basal-membrane-nephropathy\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >List of medications used to treat this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/thin-basal-membrane-nephropathy\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Disease monitoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/thin-basal-membrane-nephropathy\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Age-related features of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/thin-basal-membrane-nephropathy\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\" >Questions and Answers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Thin basement membrane nephropathy was first described in medical literature in the mid-20th century. One of the first scientists to study this phenomenon was an outstanding pathologist and nephrologist. His works established that patients with this disease have significant changes in the structure of the basement membrane. Later, this pathology was studied in more detail, and by the end of the 20th century, genetic aspects associated with the disease were identified. An interesting fact is that despite its relative rarity, this disease is becoming a subject of study for multidisciplinary research related to nephrology and genetics.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Epidemiology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to epidemiological studies, thin basement membrane nephropathy occurs in approximately 1 in 20,000 to 30,000 people in the population. The incidence rate varies depending on the geographic region and genetic predisposition of the population. Studies have shown that some ethnic groups experience a significant increase in cases of the disease. For example, in some regions of Central and Eastern Europe, the incidence rate can reach 1 in 5,000. Based on the available data, it can be said that this disease is quite rare, but cases of its manifestation require systematic study and timely diagnosis in clinical practice.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition to this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Genetic predisposition plays a key role in the development of thin basement membrane nephropathy. There are certain genes associated with this pathology, the most well-known of which are COL4A3 and COL4A4, which encode type IV collagens, which are the main components of the renal basement membrane. Mutations in these genes can lead to disruption of the synthesis and structural integrity of the membrane, which in turn contributes to the development of the disease. Since inheritance is associated with an autosomal dominant type, the presence of one affected gene in a parent can significantly increase the risk of developing the disease in offspring. Genetic testing and family history can be useful in assessing risk and early diagnosis in patients.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Risk factors for the development of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Among the risk factors that contribute to the development of thin basement membrane nephropathy, the following can be distinguished:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Heredity and genetic predisposition.<\/li>\n<li>Age: The disease can manifest itself in any age category, but is most often found in young people.<\/li>\n<li>Connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.<\/li>\n<li>Autoimmune conditions that may worsen nephropathy.<\/li>\n<li>The influence of toxic factors, such as long-term exposure to certain chemicals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These factors can work either alone or in combination to increase the likelihood of developing the disease.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Diagnosis of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Diagnosis of thin basement membrane nephropathy often involves a comprehensive approach and the use of various methods:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Main symptoms:<\/strong> Proteinuria is routinely observed, edema and high blood pressure may be observed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Laboratory tests:<\/strong> Urine tests show the presence of protein and cells, as well as possible changes in the complete blood count.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Radiological examinations:<\/strong> Kidney ultrasound and other imaging tests may be used to rule out other diseases.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other types of diagnostics:<\/strong> renal biopsy, which allows studying the microscopic structure of the membrane.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Differential diagnosis:<\/strong> It is necessary to exclude other kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, and others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A well-organized arsenal of diagnostic tools helps doctors achieve accurate results and prescribe adequate treatment.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>Treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Treatment of thin basement membrane nephropathy should be individualized and comprehensive. It may include:<\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>General treatment:<\/strong> control of blood pressure and regulation of protein levels in urine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pharmacological treatment:<\/strong> ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers may be prescribed to reduce proteinuria.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Surgical treatment:<\/strong> in rare cases, if complications arise.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other types of treatment:<\/strong> prescribing a diet with limited salt and protein, as well as the use of diuretics for edema.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An important task remains the timely adjustment of therapy depending on the dynamics of the patient&#039;s condition.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>List of medications used to treat this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Among the medications used in the treatment of thin basement membrane nephropathy, the following can be distinguished:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ACE inhibitors: Enalapril, Lisinapril.<\/li>\n<li>Angiotensin II receptor blockers: Losartan, Valsartan.<\/li>\n<li>Diuretics: Furosemide, Spironolactone.<\/li>\n<li>Statins: Atrovastatin, Rosuvastatin for the correction of hyperlipidemia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These drugs help control both symptoms and the underlying metabolic processes associated with the development of the disease.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Disease monitoring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Monitoring the condition of a patient with thin basement membrane nephropathy involves regular control steps:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Periodic urine analysis for proteinuria and creatinine.<\/li>\n<li>Blood pressure control.<\/li>\n<li>Although the disease may progress, the chronic renal failure score is used to assess kidney function.<\/li>\n<li>Complications may include the development of kidney failure, requiring more active intervention, including dialysis or kidney transplantation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Good monitoring allows for timely detection of deterioration of the condition and the taking of measures.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Age-related features of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Thin basement membrane nephropathy can occur in different age groups:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In children and adolescents, a more symmetrical course is often observed, manifested by moderate proteinuria.<\/li>\n<li>In adults, the disease is usually associated with more severe symptoms and progressive renal failure.<\/li>\n<li>In older people, the risk of developing complications increases, so regular monitoring of the condition and adjustment of treatment are required.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This highlights the importance of an age-appropriate approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>Questions and Answers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>What are the main symptoms of thin basement membrane nephropathy?<\/strong> The main symptoms are proteinuria, edema and high blood pressure.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What causes thin basement membrane nephropathy?<\/strong> The cause is most often genetic mutations affecting the structure of the renal basement membrane.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What diagnostic methods are used to detect the disease?<\/strong> Diagnostic methods include urine tests, kidney biopsy, and imaging studies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What treatment is indicated for this pathology?<\/strong> Treatment includes drug therapy, blood pressure control and, in severe cases, surgery.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What are the risks of untimely diagnosis of thin basement membrane nephropathy?<\/strong> Delayed diagnosis can lead to progression of kidney failure and the need for dialysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thin basement membrane nephropathy (TBM) is a special form of renal pathological process associated with changes in the component part of the filtration system<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23533,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13163","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13163"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13163\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13757,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13163\/revisions\/13757"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13163"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13163"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13163"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}