{"id":13053,"date":"2024-08-23T06:02:16","date_gmt":"2024-08-23T04:02:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=13053"},"modified":"2024-08-23T06:02:16","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T04:02:16","slug":"spinalnyy-shok","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/spinal-shock\/","title":{"rendered":"Spinal shock"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Spinal shock is an acute condition following spinal cord injury characterized by the temporary loss of all reflexes below the level of the spinal cord injury. The main clinical feature of spinal shock is the sudden deterioration of motor and sensory function, leading to paralysis and numbness in the lower extremities, as well as changes in autonomic functions such as blood pressure and heart rate. The condition is caused by a disruption of the normal electrical activity of neurons and can cause a variety of symptoms, including hypotension, bradycardia, and loss of bladder and bowel control. Spinal shock may last from a few hours to a few days, after which reflexes begin to return, indicating the restoration of activity in the nervous system.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" 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href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/spinal-shock\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/spinal-shock\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Epidemiology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/spinal-shock\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\" >Genetic predisposition to this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/spinal-shock\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Risk factors for the development of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/spinal-shock\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Diagnosis of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/spinal-shock\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" >Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/spinal-shock\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >List of drugs used to treat this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/spinal-shock\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Disease monitoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/spinal-shock\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Age-related features of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/spinal-shock\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\" >Questions and Answers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Spinal shock has been known in medical practice for centuries, but its understanding has changed significantly over time. In the 19th century, with the development of neurophysiology, specialists began to realize that neurological disorders that occur after spinal cord injury are not simply the result of trauma, but are explained by more complex pathophysiological mechanisms. In 1937, scientist T. N. A. Oswald proposed the concept that spinal shock is associated with disorganization of neural activity. <\/p>\n<p>An interesting historical fact is that in the early 20th century, spinal shock research was closely linked to military medicine, as many cases of spinal cord injury occurred during wars. With the advancement of technology and medical imaging techniques such as MRI and CT, it became possible to better understand the mechanisms behind spinal shock and develop more effective treatments.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Epidemiology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to the World Health Organization, there are approximately 250,000 to 500,000 new cases of spinal cord injury each year, of which a significant proportion are accompanied by spinal shock. More than 40% cases of spinal cord injury are associated with road traffic accidents, therefore, the prevalence of spinal shock will be high in countries with an increased number of road accidents. <\/p>\n<p>According to a study conducted in the United States, approximately 12,000 new cases of spinal cord injury occur each year, with 15-20% patients developing signs of spinal shock. A significant proportion of patients with spinal shock are young people between the ages of 16 and 30, due to high levels of activity and potential for injury.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition to this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Currently, available research does not show a clear genetic predisposition to spinal shock per se, but there are mutations in some genes that may affect the recovery of function after spinal cord injury. Research has shown that the BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) gene may be involved in the process of neuronal regeneration. <\/p>\n<p>It should also be noted that other genetic factors may influence an individual&#039;s response to injury and the rate of recovery. For example, genes responsible for regulating inflammatory processes may play a role in the pathogenesis and consequences of spinal shock. However, in general, elucidating the precise mechanisms by which genetic mutations interact with spinal cord injury remains a topical issue for future research.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Risk factors for the development of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are several factors that increase the risk of developing spinal shock, including both physical and chemical exposures:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Physical factors such as:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Road traffic accidents<\/li>\n<li>Sports associated with high risk of injury (American football, hockey)<\/li>\n<li>Falls (especially in older people)<\/li>\n<li>Penetrating injuries such as gunshot wounds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>Chemical factors:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Toxic substances affecting the nervous system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>Pathological conditions:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Pre-existing medical conditions such as osteoporosis<\/li>\n<li>Conditions that lead to an increased risk of falls<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Diagnosis of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Diagnosis of spinal shock includes several components:<\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<ul>\n<li>The main symptoms that a patient may experience are:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Paralysis of the lower limbs<\/li>\n<li>Loss of sensation in the area below the level of injury<\/li>\n<li>Changes in autonomic function (hypotension, bradycardia)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>Laboratory tests:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>General blood test to determine inflammatory processes<\/li>\n<li>Biochemical blood test to assess kidney and liver function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>Radiological examinations:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize spinal cord injuries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>Other types of diagnostics:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Electrophysiological studies to assess neuronal function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>Differential diagnosis:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>It is necessary to distinguish spinal shock from other conditions with similar symptoms, such as traumatic brain injury or osteochondrosis with compression of the spinal nerve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>Treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Treatment of spinal shock includes several approaches aimed at restoring function and preventing complications:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>General treatment:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Supportive care with an emphasis on monitoring vital functions<\/li>\n<li>Physical Therapy to Prevent Muscle Atrophy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>Pharmacological treatment:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Medicines to control blood pressure (eg, adrenaline)<\/li>\n<li>Anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce swelling of nerve tissue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>Surgical treatment:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>In cases where damaged structures require decompression or fixation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li>Other types of treatment:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>Psychological support for patients and their families, as well as rehabilitation programs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>List of drugs used to treat this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Given the variety of approaches to the treatment of spinal shock, the following groups of drugs may be recommended:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Corticosteroids (eg, methylprednisolone) to reduce inflammation<\/li>\n<li>Vasoconstrictor drugs<\/li>\n<li>Pain relievers (eg, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Disease monitoring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Monitoring of patients with spinal shock includes monitoring a number of parameters:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Monitoring vital functions (cardiovascular and respiratory)<\/li>\n<li>Assessment of neurological status at specific time intervals<\/li>\n<li>Prognosis depends on the degree of spinal cord injury and the time elapsed since the injury<\/li>\n<li>complications such as failure of vital organs, infections and blood clots<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Age-related features of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The manifestations of spinal shock may vary depending on the patient&#039;s age group:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In children, spinal shock may be less pronounced due to the greater plasticity of the nervous system and adaptive mechanisms.<\/li>\n<li>In older adults, having underlying medical conditions such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disorders can make the situation worse and make recovery more difficult.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>Questions and Answers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>How long can spinal shock last?<\/strong><br \/>\n      Spinal shock can last from several hours to several days, after which reflexes begin to return.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What diagnostic methods are used for spinal shock?<\/strong><br \/>\n      The key methods are clinical assessment, MRI and electrophysiological studies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the prognosis for patients with spinal shock?<\/strong><br \/>\n      The prognosis depends on the degree of damage to the spinal cord; in some cases, full recovery of functions is possible, while in others, disability remains.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What does treatment for spinal shock involve?<\/strong><br \/>\n      Treatment includes supportive care, physical therapy, medication and, if necessary, surgery.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What are the risk factors for spinal shock?<\/strong><br \/>\n      Major factors include motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries and osteoporosis in older people.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spinal shock is an acute condition resulting from spinal cord injury that is characterized by the temporary loss of all reflexes below the level of injury.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23277,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13053"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13053\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13867,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13053\/revisions\/13867"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}