{"id":12950,"date":"2024-08-23T07:45:10","date_gmt":"2024-08-23T05:45:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=12950"},"modified":"2024-08-23T07:45:10","modified_gmt":"2024-08-23T05:45:10","slug":"sindaktiliya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/syndactyly\/","title":{"rendered":"Syndactyly"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Syndactyly is a congenital malformation characterized by the fusion of the fingers, which impedes the movement and function of the arms and\/or legs. This anomaly occurs at the stage of embryonic development, when the tissues responsible for separating the fingers are not formed correctly. Syndactyly can manifest itself in various forms and degrees of severity, ranging from limited movement to complete immobility of the fused fingers. Often, this pathology is accompanied by changes in skin color, structure and mobility of the fingers. The congenital nature of syndactyly requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment in order to restore limb function and improve the quality of life of patients.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 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href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/syndactyly\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/syndactyly\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Epidemiology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/syndactyly\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\" >Genetic predisposition to this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/syndactyly\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Risk factors for the development of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/syndactyly\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Diagnosis of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/syndactyly\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" >Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/syndactyly\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >List of medications used to treat this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/syndactyly\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Disease monitoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/syndactyly\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Age-related features of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/syndactyly\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\" >Questions and Answers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Syndactyly has been known to mankind since ancient times. The first mentions of this defect were found in medical texts of the ancient period, where cases of finger fusion were mentioned as unusual phenomena that aroused the interest of doctors. In some cultures, such anomalies were considered signs of fate or a gift from God. With the development of medicine in the 19th century, syndactyly became the subject of more in-depth medical practice and research. <\/p>\n<p>The most significant event in the history of syndactyly treatment was the first surgical operations to separate fused fingers in the late 19th century. One of the first such cases was an operation performed in 1880 in the United States. Progress in microsurgery and plastic surgery gradually improved the results of finger operations, which significantly increased the chances of restoring normal limb function in patients with syndactyly.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Epidemiology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to statistics, syndactyly occurs with a frequency of about 1 in 2000-3000 newborns, which makes it one of the most common congenital limb malformations. Studies show that the pathology is more common in boys than in girls, with a ratio of approximately 2:1. <\/p>\n<p>In most cases, syndactyly is diagnosed at birth or in early childhood. In rare cases, when the fusion of the fingers is not pronounced and the functional capabilities of the limbs are not impaired, the pathology may remain unnoticed until adolescence or even adulthood. Geographic and ethnic differences also play a role in the prevalence of this disease. For example, cases of syndactyly are noted more often among certain ethnic groups.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition to this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Syndactyly has a genetic basis that may be related to several mutations in genes responsible for normal limb development. The main genes involved include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SHH (Sonic Hedgehog) - This gene plays a critical role in limb development, and mutations can lead to a variety of abnormalities, including syndactyly.<\/li>\n<li>FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor) - Mutations in this gene are also associated with limb development disorders.<\/li>\n<li>Twist1 - Associated with tissue development, abnormalities in this gene can cause fused fingers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It should be noted that cases of syndactyly can be isolated or part of syndromes such as Apert syndrome or Goltz syndrome. Genetic testing can help in establishing an accurate diagnosis and identifying possible risks for future generations.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Risk factors for the development of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Risk factors for syndactyly can vary, and a combination of them can influence the development of this defect. The main risk factors include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Heredity - the presence of cases of syndactyly in the family increases the chances of having a child with this pathology.<\/li>\n<li>Environmental factors - exposure to chemicals (eg, certain medications, toxins) during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, can contribute to the development of defects.<\/li>\n<li>Infectious factors - certain viral infections suffered by the mother during pregnancy may also be associated with an increased risk of the disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Identification of these risk factors is of paramount importance for the prevention and diagnosis of congenital anomalies in future generations.<\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Diagnosis of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Diagnosis of syndactyly begins with a visual examination of the newborn. The main symptoms include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The presence of fused fingers on one or both limbs.<\/li>\n<li>Limited mobility of fused fingers.<\/li>\n<li>Changes in the position and shape of the fingers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lab tests may include genetic testing to identify possible mutations, and radiological tests such as x-rays can help evaluate bone structure and the degree of fusion. In some cases, ultrasound or MRI may also be used for more in-depth testing.<\/p>\n<p>The differential diagnosis of syndactyly is important to exclude other anomalies such as polydactyly (extra digits) or other congenital syndromes. This determines the treatment approach and expectations for functional outcomes.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>Treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Treatment for syndactyly depends on the severity of the condition and functional limitations. Common approaches include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>General treatment: early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention to restore limb function.<\/li>\n<li>Pharmacological treatment: use of painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs if necessary in the postoperative period.<\/li>\n<li>Surgical treatment: surgery to separate the fused toes, which can be performed at the age of 1-2 years.<\/li>\n<li>Other treatments: rehabilitation, physical therapy to improve the function of fingers and limbs after surgery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is important that treatment is based on each patient&#039;s individual circumstances, including age, severity of syndactyly, and overall health.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>List of medications used to treat this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The medications used may vary depending on the individual case and the approach needed to care for the patient with syndactyly. Common medications include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Painkillers: Ibuprofen, Paracetamol to control pain after surgery.<\/li>\n<li>Anti-inflammatory drugs: Diclofenac to reduce inflammation and swelling.<\/li>\n<li>Antibiotics: used if there is a risk of infection after surgery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A specific list of medications should be selected and prescribed by the attending physician.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Disease monitoring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Monitoring the condition of a patient with syndactyly is important to assess limb function and identify potential complications in a timely manner. Control stages include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Regular check-ups with an orthopedist and surgeon to assess finger function and the overall condition of the hands and feet.<\/li>\n<li>Psychological support if the condition affects self-perception and social interaction.<\/li>\n<li>Corrective exercises and physiotherapy for the maximum possible restoration of limb function.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The prognosis after surgery is usually positive, but complications such as recurrence of finger fusion or scarring are possible.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Age-related features of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>With age, the manifestations of syndactyly may vary. In newborns and young children, the main focus is on surgical intervention to improve functionality. In adolescents and adults, rehabilitation and psychological support may be needed, especially if the disorder has affected their physical development and self-esteem. Also, changes in the nature of work and active participation in physical activities can affect the quality of life, which requires targeted approaches to treatment and rehabilitation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>Questions and Answers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>What is the optimal age for surgery for syndactyly?<\/strong> The optimal age for the operation is 1-3 years, when the child has completed the period of primary growth of the limbs.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What are the main causes of syndactyly?<\/strong> The main causes of syndactyly are genetic mutations, environmental factors and infectious exposures during pregnancy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>How does syndactyly affect a patient&#039;s daily life?<\/strong> Syndactyly can limit the functionality of the arms or legs, affecting the ability to perform normal tasks and overall quality of life.<\/li>\n<li><strong>How common is recurrence after surgery?<\/strong> Recurrence of finger fusion may occur in rare cases, but high-quality treatment and rehabilitation significantly reduce these risks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Are there any preventative measures against syndactyly?<\/strong> Preventive measures include genetic counseling for families with a history of syndactyly and reducing exposure to harmful factors during pregnancy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Syndactyly is a congenital malformation characterized by fusion of the fingers, which makes it difficult to move and function the arms and\/or legs...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22889,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12950","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12950"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12950\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13971,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12950\/revisions\/13971"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12950"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12950"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12950"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}