{"id":12489,"date":"2024-10-11T20:39:43","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T18:39:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=12489"},"modified":"2024-10-11T20:39:43","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T18:39:43","slug":"otek-diska-zritelnogo-nerva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/otek-disk-of-the-visual-nerve\/","title":{"rendered":"Edema of the optic disc"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Papilledema is a disease that is a pathological condition characterized by swelling caused by an increase in the volume of fluid in the optic nerve head. This can occur as a result of a number of factors, including increased intracranial pressure, inflammation, trauma, or tumors. Papilledema can lead to deterioration of visual functions, as well as various neurological disorders. It should be noted that this condition is often a sign of more serious diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, or diabetic retinopathy.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" 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href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/otek-disk-of-the-visual-nerve\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/otek-disk-of-the-visual-nerve\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Epidemiology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/otek-disk-of-the-visual-nerve\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\" >Genetic predisposition to this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/otek-disk-of-the-visual-nerve\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Risk factors for the development of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/otek-disk-of-the-visual-nerve\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Diagnosis of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/otek-disk-of-the-visual-nerve\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" >Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/otek-disk-of-the-visual-nerve\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >List of medications used to treat this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/otek-disk-of-the-visual-nerve\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Disease monitoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/otek-disk-of-the-visual-nerve\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Age-related features of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/otek-disk-of-the-visual-nerve\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\" >Questions and Answers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Papilledema was first described in the late 19th century, when surgical ophthalmology began to develop. Over time, it became clear that papilledema could be a consequence of a variety of medical conditions, such as refractive errors and neurodegenerative diseases. In the early 20th century, doctors began using imaging techniques, such as fundoscopy, to diagnose the condition. Initially, treatment focused on eliminating the underlying cause, but as medicine advanced, additional pharmacological methods were developed to reduce swelling.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Epidemiology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to epidemiological studies, papilledema occurs in various age groups, but the highest incidence is observed in people aged 30 to 50 years. Approximately 5-10% of patients with acute headaches and neurological symptoms in hospital have signs of papilledema. Studies show that papilledema is associated with increased intracranial pressure, and its prevalence increases in people with associated risks, such as obesity and hypertension.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition to this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Scientific research shows that some genetic factors may influence the predisposition to papilledema. Genetic mutations associated with disturbances in the regulation of pressure in the body&#039;s fluid system may increase the risk. In particular, mutations in genes responsible for salt and water metabolism may predispose to increased intracranial pressure, which in turn may lead to papilledema.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Risk factors for the development of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Risk factors that contribute to the development of optic disc edema can be divided into several groups:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Physical factors:\n<ul>\n<li>Increased intracranial pressure associated with head injuries.<\/li>\n<li>Space-occupying lesions in the brain, such as tumors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Chemical factors:\n<ul>\n<li>Use of toxic substances or alcohol.<\/li>\n<li>Long-term use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Other factors:\n<ul>\n<li>Systemic diseases (eg, hypertensive conditions and diabetes mellitus).<\/li>\n<li>Heredity and family history of diseases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Diagnosis of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Diagnosis of optic disc edema involves a comprehensive approach:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Main symptoms:\n<ul>\n<li>Decreased visual acuity.<\/li>\n<li>Blurred vision or &quot;bridges&quot; before the eyes.<\/li>\n<li>Difficulty perceiving colors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Laboratory tests:\n<ul>\n<li>General blood and urine tests to identify possible inflammatory processes.<\/li>\n<li>CERC (color reaction to erythrocytes). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Radiological examinations:\n<ul>\n<li>MRI and CT to exclude space-occupying lesions and assess the condition of surrounding tissues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Other types of diagnostics:\n<ul>\n<li>Fundus diagnostics to assess the condition of the optic nerve disc.<\/li>\n<li>Electrophysiological tests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Differential diagnosis:\n<ul>\n<li>Other pathologies such as serous chorioretinitis or diabetic retinopathy must be excluded.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>Treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Treatment for papilledema depends on its cause and may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>General treatment:\n<ul>\n<li>Lifestyle and dietary changes to lose weight and control blood pressure.<\/li>\n<li>Conservative measures in the form of limiting physical activity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pharmacological treatment:\n<ul>\n<li>Use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and swelling.<\/li>\n<li>Diuretics to reduce intracranial pressure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Surgical treatment:\n<ul>\n<li>If tumors or other space-occupying lesions are detected, neurosurgical intervention may be required.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Other types of treatment:\n<ul>\n<li>Physiotherapy and rehabilitation to restore vision and improve quality of life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>List of medications used to treat this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Some of the medications used to treat papilledema include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dexamethasone.<\/li>\n<li>Furosemide.<\/li>\n<li>Methylprednisolone.<\/li>\n<li>Acetazolamide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Disease monitoring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Monitoring of patients with papilledema includes:<\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Control stages:\n<ul>\n<li>Regular visits to a neurologist and ophthalmologist to assess the dynamics.<\/li>\n<li>Evaluation of visual acuity and the condition of the optic nerve head.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Forecast:\n<ul>\n<li>The prognosis depends on the etiology of the edema, but with adequate therapy, most patients regain vision.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Complications:\n<ul>\n<li>A prolonged condition can lead to irreversible changes in the optic nerve and loss of vision.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Age-related features of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Papilledema can present differently depending on the patient&#039;s age:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In children:\n<ul>\n<li>Often associated with infections or increased intracranial pressure in meningitis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In adults:\n<ul>\n<li>The flare-up may be associated with underlying conditions such as hypertension or diabetes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In the elderly:\n<ul>\n<li>Most often caused by metabolic disorders and vascular diseases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>Questions and Answers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>What causes papilledema?<\/strong><br \/>\n        Disc swelling can be caused by increased intracranial pressure, inflammatory processes, or brain tumors.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What are the main symptoms of this disease?<\/strong><br \/>\n        The main symptoms include decreased visual acuity, blurring, and the appearance of \u201cbridges\u201d in front of the eyes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>How is papilledema diagnosed?<\/strong><br \/>\n        Diagnosis includes clinical examination, laboratory and radiological studies, as well as assessment of the optic nerve head using fundoscopy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>How effective is the treatment for papilledema?<\/strong><br \/>\n        With timely and adequate treatment, most patients restore vision and avoid complications.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Can disc swelling be hereditary?<\/strong><br \/>\n        Although specific genes have not been identified, a hereditary predisposition to diseases that cause edema may exist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Papilledema is a disease that is a pathological condition characterized by swelling caused by an increase in the volume of fluid in the optic disc.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21790,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12489"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14590,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12489\/revisions\/14590"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}