{"id":12316,"date":"2024-10-11T23:36:57","date_gmt":"2024-10-11T21:36:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=12316"},"modified":"2024-10-11T23:36:57","modified_gmt":"2024-10-11T21:36:57","slug":"obstruktivnaya-uropatiya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/obstructive-uropathies\/","title":{"rendered":"Obstructive uropathy"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Obstructive uropathy is a condition caused by a disruption of the normal flow of urine through the urinary tract, which leads to increased pressure within the urinary system and damage to the structures of the kidneys. This disease can develop as a result of various causes, including mechanical obstructions such as stones, tumors or strictures, as well as functional disorders, such as neurogenic diseases. As a result of obstruction, dilation of the renal pelvis and ureters (ureteral dysfunction) can occur, which can subsequently lead to damage to the kidney tissue and the development of chronic renal failure. Without timely diagnosis and treatment, obstructive uropathy can have serious complications such as urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis and other dysfunctions that affect the patient&#039;s quality of life.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/obstructive-uropathies\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/obstructive-uropathies\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Epidemiology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/obstructive-uropathies\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\" >Genetic predisposition to this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/obstructive-uropathies\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Risk factors for the development of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/obstructive-uropathies\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Diagnosis of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/obstructive-uropathies\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" >Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/obstructive-uropathies\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >List of medications used to treat this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/obstructive-uropathies\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Disease monitoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/obstructive-uropathies\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Age-related features of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/obstructive-uropathies\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\" >Questions and Answers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Obstructive uropathy has been studied and documented for centuries. Ancient medicine described cases of urinary obstruction, and some of these cases can probably be interpreted as obstructive uropathy. The writings of Hippocrates mention kidney disease and its association with urinary obstruction. Later, in the Middle Ages, knowledge of urinary tract diseases was greatly expanded, particularly by the work of Arab scholars. Significant advances in understanding the mechanisms of obstruction were made in the 19th century, with the advent of new methods of investigation and treatment, including surgery and diagnostic imaging using X-ray equipment. Modern advances in imaging diagnostics, such as ultrasound and computed tomography, have provided more accurate detection of diseases and improved treatment outcomes.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Epidemiology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Obstructive uropathy is a common condition that affects both men and women, although men are more susceptible to it due to a higher risk of developing benign prostatic hyperplasia, which can lead to lower urinary tract obstruction. According to statistics, the incidence of obstructive uropathy can reach 4\u20135% in the general population, with the age groups from 50 to 70 years having the highest risk of developing this pathology. Studies show that in patients with chronic renal failure, more than 30% show signs of obstructive uropathy. In addition, among patients with urolithiasis, the risk of exacerbation and development of obstruction also increases significantly.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8E\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition to this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The influence of genetic factors on the development of obstructive uropathy is currently being studied. Studies of putative genes predisposing to nephropathy show that mutations in genes responsible for the development and functioning of the urinary system may be associated with an increased risk of obstruction. For example, polyantigen disorders such as Marfan syndrome and some forms of polycystic kidney disease may predispose to the development of structural abnormalities of the urinary tract. Studies show an association of genetic mutations with an increased risk of urinary stones, which can also lead to obstruction. However, additional studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms of interaction between genetic factors and obstructive uropathy.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Risk factors for the development of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are many factors that contribute to the development of obstructive uropathy. The main ones include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mechanical obstructions: kidney or bladder stones, ureteral strictures, tumors;<\/li>\n<li>Inflammatory processes: chronic urinary tract infections, which can lead to fibrosis and narrowing of the ureters;<\/li>\n<li>Anatomical anomalies: congenital defects such as duplication of the ureter or underdevelopment of the bladder;<\/li>\n<li>Neurological disorders: diseases such as multiple sclerosis or diabetic neuropathy that can affect the innervation of the urinary tract;<\/li>\n<li>Age-related changes: with age, the risk of developing prostate diseases in men increases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Diagnosis of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Diagnosis of obstructive uropathy involves several key components. The main symptoms of the disease can vary, but often include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dysfunction of urination (signs of obstruction in the form of difficult urination, intermittent streams);<\/li>\n<li>Low back pain or abdominal pain;<\/li>\n<li>Signs of infection (fever, dysuria, changed urine color);<\/li>\n<li>Swelling of the lower extremities during exacerbation of obstruction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Laboratory tests may include a urinalysis to look for inflammation or blood, and a blood chemistry panel to check for creatinine and urea levels. Radiologic tests, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, can visualize obstructions and evaluate kidney function. Other tests may include cystoscopy or urodynamic testing to determine bladder and urethral function. It is important to rule out other conditions, such as urinary tract infection or cancer.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>Treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Treatment of obstructive uropathy depends on the cause and degree of obstruction. The main goal of treatment is to restore normal urine flow and prevent further damage to the kidneys. General treatment may include conservative methods, such as increasing fluid intake and using painkillers to relieve symptoms. Pharmacological treatment may include antibiotics for infections or other medications to reduce inflammation. Surgical treatment is the most common approach when mechanical obstructions such as stones or tumors are present. Surgical intervention methods include ureterolithectomy, nephrectomy, or ureteral stenting, which helps restore normal urinary tract patency. Minimally invasive techniques using endoscopy or laser therapy are also possible. In certain cases, neuromodulation techniques may be recommended to improve bladder function.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>List of medications used to treat this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The main groups of drugs used to treat obstructive uropathy include:<\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Antibiotics (eg, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones) to fight infection;<\/li>\n<li>Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs (eg, ibuprofen, diclofenac);<\/li>\n<li>Antispasmodics (for example, no-shpa, papaverine) to reduce spasm of the ureters;<\/li>\n<li>Drugs that affect the function of the urinary system (eg, anticholinergics to reduce overactive bladder).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Disease monitoring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Monitoring of patients with obstructive uropathy requires regular monitoring of renal function and urinary tract function. Control steps include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Regular ultrasound examinations to assess the condition of the kidneys;<\/li>\n<li>Laboratory tests for creatinine and urea levels;<\/li>\n<li>Assessment of the patient&#039;s symptoms and quality of life;<\/li>\n<li>The need for repeated interventions in case of disease recurrence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The prognosis depends on the cause of the obstruction, the speed of diagnosis and the start of treatment. In the case of a mild form and timely intervention, the prognosis may be favorable, but in chronic cases, serious complications are possible, including the development of chronic renal failure, which significantly worsens the patient&#039;s quality of life.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Age-related features of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Obstructive uropathy can vary in its course depending on the age group. In children, the disease may be associated with congenital anomalies of the urinary tract, which requires early intervention. In older people, it is most often due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in men or other benign diseases. In menopausal women, risk factors may include pelvic muscle atrophy, which can also contribute to obstruction. In general, aging leads to changes in kidney and urinary tract function, which can worsen symptoms.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>Questions and Answers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>What are the main symptoms of obstructive uropathy?<\/strong> The main symptoms include difficulty urinating, pain in the lumbar region, intermittent urine stream and signs of infection such as fever and dysuria.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What diagnostic methods are used to detect obstructive uropathy?<\/strong> The main diagnostic methods include ultrasound, computed tomography, urine and blood tests, and cystoscopy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>How is obstructive uropathy treated?<\/strong> Treatment may include medications, surgery to remove mechanical obstructions, and infection prevention.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the prognosis for obstructive uropathy?<\/strong> The prognosis depends on the cause of the disease and the speed of treatment; early diagnosis and adequate therapy can prevent serious complications.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Can obstructive uropathy have hereditary forms?<\/strong> Yes, some genetic conditions, such as polycystic kidney disease, may predispose you to developing obstructive uropathy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obstructive uropathy is a condition caused by a disruption in the normal flow of urine through the urinary tract, which leads to an increase in pressure within the system.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12316"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12316\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14763,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12316\/revisions\/14763"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21415"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}