{"id":11360,"date":"2025-07-26T22:56:43","date_gmt":"2025-07-26T20:56:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/?p=11360"},"modified":"2025-07-26T22:56:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-26T20:56:43","slug":"glaukoma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/","title":{"rendered":"Glaucoma"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fpm_start\"><\/div>\n<p>Glaucoma is a group of progressive diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure, which can damage the optic nerve and eventually lead to vision loss. The disease often has no symptoms in its early stages, making it particularly dangerous. Glaucoma can be either primary or secondary, the latter form occurring as a result of other eye diseases or systemic disorders. Early diagnosis and proper treatment are key to preventing irreversible changes and preserving the patient\u2019s vision.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-flat ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Content<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" 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href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/#%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\" >History of the disease and interesting historical facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/#%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Epidemiology<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/#%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C\" >Genetic predisposition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/#%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Risk factors for the development of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/#%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Diagnosis of this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/#%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" >Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/#%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >List of medications used to treat this disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/#%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Disease monitoring<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" >Age-related features of the disease<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/#%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\" >Questions and Answers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/medlibrary\/glaucoma\/#%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0\" >Advice from Dr. Oleg Korzhikov<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>History of the disease and interesting historical facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The history of glaucoma goes back several thousand years. The first mention of the disease was documented in ancient Greek medicine, where doctors described symptoms reminiscent of modern manifestations of glaucoma. In the 19th century, French ophthalmologist Jean Marc Godard first developed methods of surgical treatment of this disease, which was a significant step forward in the field of ophthalmology. The study of glaucoma is also associated with the names of such outstanding specialists as Arthur Conan Doyle and Arthur Godard, who devoted their research to the study of various forms of eye diseases. Interestingly, the name &quot;glaucoma&quot; comes from the Greek word &quot;glaukos&quot;, which translates as &quot;silver&quot; or &quot;blue&quot;, which in turn is associated with changes in the color of the cornea and fundus in some patients.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Epidemiology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>According to statistics, glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 60 million people suffer from this pathology, and this number is expected to increase to 112 million by 2040. The most alarming fact is that many people are unaware of the disease, since glaucoma in most cases does not show its own symptoms in the early stages. Studies show that among people over 40, the risk of developing glaucoma is 3-6%, and in patients over 60, this figure can reach 10%. <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C\"><\/span>Genetic predisposition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Genetic predisposition plays an important role in the development of glacomas. Several traits associated with the disease have been identified, including mutated genes such as MYOC, OPTN, and CYP1B1. These mutations can lead to changes in the structure and function of eye tissues, which contribute to increased intraocular pressure and damage to the optic nerve. Studies have also found that having a family history of glacomas increases the risk of developing it in offspring by 3-4 times, making the genetic component a significant factor that requires monitoring.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Risk factors for the development of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are a number of risk factors that contribute to the development of glaucoma, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Age - The risk increases with age, especially after age 60.<\/li>\n<li>Race and ethnicity - Glaucoma is more common in black people.<\/li>\n<li>Family history - having glaucoma in close relatives increases the risk.<\/li>\n<li>Systemic diseases - such as diabetes, hypertension and thyroid disease.<\/li>\n<li>Steroid use - Long-term use of drugs containing corticosteroids may contribute to the development of secondary glaucoma.<\/li>\n<li>Eye injuries - damage to the eye area can cause glaucoma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Diagnosis of this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Glaucoma diagnostics include several methods that allow the disease to be detected at early stages and its severity to be assessed. The main symptoms of glaucoma may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gradual loss of peripheral vision.<\/li>\n<li>Eye pressure is higher than normal.<\/li>\n<li>Changes in the color of the iris.<\/li>\n<li>Headaches and eye pain with increased pressure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Laboratory tests may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tonometry is the measurement of intraocular pressure.<\/li>\n<li>Perimetry - checking the visual fields.<\/li>\n<li>Ophthalmoscopy - visualization of the structure of the fundus and optic nerve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Radiological studies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) allow us to assess the structure and condition of the optic nerve in real time.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>Treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Treatment of glacomas is based on the control of intraocular pressure and includes both pharmacological and surgical interventions. Pharmacological treatment is the main direction of therapy and includes:<\/p><script data-noptimize=\"\" data-wpfc-render=\"false\">\nfpm_start( \"true\" );\n<\/script>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Drugs that reduce intraocular pressure: beta-blockers, prostaglandins, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and alpha-agonists.<\/li>\n<li>Methods of acute pressure reduction during attacks of acute glaucoma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Surgical treatment may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Trabeculectomy is the creation of a new channel for the outflow of aqueous humor.<\/li>\n<li>Installation of shunts to improve drainage.<\/li>\n<li>Laser procedures \u2013 such as selective laser trabeculoplasty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In addition to these methods, other targeted therapies aimed at slowing the progression of the disease are also being considered.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>List of medications used to treat this disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Among the names of drugs used to treat glaucoma, we can highlight:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Timolol (beta blocker)<\/li>\n<li>Latanoprost (prostaglandin)<\/li>\n<li>Dorzolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)<\/li>\n<li>Brimonidine (alpha adrenergic agonist)<\/li>\n<li>Metastimulating systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Disease monitoring<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Glaucoma is monitored regularly, including measuring intraocular pressure, examining the optic nerve, and checking visual fields. The prognosis with adequate treatment and strict adherence to doctor&#039;s recommendations can be very favorable. However, in advanced cases and without treatment, serious complications are possible, including blindness.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>Age-related features of the disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Glaucoma can manifest itself differently in different age groups. In older people, the disease often develops in the form of open-angle glaucoma, while in young people, angle glaucoma may occur, associated with anomalies in the structure of the eye. Also, in adulthood, there are additional risks associated with the development of secondary glaucoma due to other diseases, such as diabetes or injuries.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B\"><\/span>Questions and Answers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Can glacomastia be prevented?<\/strong> Some risk factors can be controlled, such as regular eye examinations and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, which can reduce your chances of developing the disease.<\/li>\n<li><strong>How often should you have your eyes checked to detect glacomas?<\/strong> It is recommended to undergo an eye examination at least once every 1-2 years, especially after 40 years.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What treatment is most effective?<\/strong> Treatment depends on the type and stage of glaucoma, usually a combination of medication and, if necessary, surgical therapy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Can I lead a normal life with a diagnosis of glaucoma?<\/strong> Yes, with appropriate treatment and regular monitoring, glaucoma patients can lead active lives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0\"><\/span>Advice from Dr. Oleg Korzhikov<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Dr. Oleg Korzhikov believes that the most important aspect in the fight against glacomastia is awareness of the disease. \u201cRegular eye examinations, especially in the risk group, can significantly reduce the likelihood of vision loss,\u201d he says. \u201cIt is important to pay attention to changes in vision and promptly consult an ophthalmologist even with mild symptoms.\u201d The doctor also strongly recommends leading a healthy lifestyle and taking prescribed medications.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fpm_end\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Glaucoma is a group of progressive diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure, which can lead to damage to the optic nerve and, ultimately,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18254,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[298],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11360","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medlibrary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11360","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11360"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11360\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15855,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11360\/revisions\/15855"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11360"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11360"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/valintermed.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11360"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}